46 Memoirs of the Indian Museum. [Voi,. Ill, 



is surrounded by a layer of mesodermal parenchyma cells {m.p.) continuous with the 

 parenchyma which forms the mass of the prosoma behind the testis and nerve cord. 

 The gonoduct, at this stage represented by a solid rod of cells passing from the ante- 

 rior pole of the testis for a short distance upward and backward, can be seen to be 

 developed from the parenchymatous covering, and not from the testis itself. 



Hoek (8) does not describe a testis in the cyprid of .S. regium. He refers, how- 

 ever, to a '' dark-coloured mass consisting for the greater part of yolk fragments," 

 which ''makes up a great deal of the true body. " From his figure it appears prob- 

 able that this mass is the rudimentary testis. 



The cement glands (pi. vi, fig. 8, c.gl.) occupy a different position from those of 

 5. squamuliferum and 5. regium, being confined to the capitular instead of the pedun- 

 cular half of the body. They also occur in this situation in S. trianguläre among 

 others. They are made up of large cells crowded with spherical granules, whose 

 staining reactions are the same as those of the granules of the cement cells in 5. squa- 

 mulijerum. They are, however, smaller, and more regularly spherical. 



I have not been able to distinguish any definite cement ducts in the cyprid. 



(2) The Pupa. 



In the pupa after the first post-larval ecdysis considerable changes have taken 

 place. The testis has greatly enlarged itself, growing forward to occupy the greater 

 part of the peduncular half of the body and carrying the palliai cavity with it. The 

 palliai cavity has become reduced in breadth, and associated with this change is the 

 reduction and degradation of the prosoma. 



Hairs have been developed on the surface under the loosened larval integu- 

 ments. 



The alimentary canal has rather advanced than retrograded, since the oesophagus 

 is now open. The stomach is filled with a mass of granules and globules, apparently 

 excretory, and doubtless the opening of the oesophagus is due to the necessity of 

 discharging this mass of excrement. 



The position of the cerebral ganglia and ventral nerve cord has been affected by 

 the general torsion consequent on the growth of the testis and the reduction of the 

 prosoma. They both now lie outside the prosoma. They have also undergone 

 considerable reduction in size. 



The cement glands are also somewhat reduced, and two cement ducts can be 

 distinguished running from the glands to the antennae. 



Plate vii, figs. 3 and 4, represent transverse sections through a pupa, fig. 3 pass- 

 ing through the stomach {st.), testis {t.), the anterior poles of the cement glands {c.gl.) 

 and of the ventral nerve cord {v.n.c.) ^ ps. indicating the prosoma lying surrounded 

 by the palliai cavity ; fig. 4 is somewhat further back, and shows the oesophagus 

 between the cerebral ganglia and the ventral nerve cord. It also gives a good 

 representation of the structure of the cement glands. 



This animal in this stage appears to closely resemble in outer form the adult male 

 of S. velutinum, Hoek (Gruvel, 7, pi. iv, fig. 11). 



