86 Memoirs of the Indian Museum. [Vol. Ill, 



Indian species belong to one single genus, which I have previously named Chaeto- 

 dacus ; but subsequently I recognized that it is better to distinguish them under the 

 name Badrocera^ Guérin-Méneville. If the species with banded wings (type umbrosus) 

 are considered generically distinct from those with unhanded wings {type ferrugineus), 

 for the latter the generic name Dasyneura^ W. W. Saunders, must be used ; but this 

 name being preoccupied by Rondani in the Diptera, my name Chaetodacus will replace 

 it. Strumeta, Walker, is synonymous with Bactrocera, or with the group of species 

 with banded wings. 



2. Subfamily Trypaneinae. — Antennae usually shorter than the face, with a 

 bare, pilose or plumose arista. Oc. mostly present, strong or small, as also the pvt. ; 

 occipital row more or less developed, but never wanting. Hm. always present, but 

 in a single case wanting ; prst. rarely wanting ; anterior sa. present ; prsc. and 

 usually one or rarely two pairs of dc. present ; st. almost always present ; pt. usually 

 strong. Scutellum usually with two pairs of bristles, but sometimes with three pairs ; 

 if only one pair is present it is always the basal (not the apical) pair, that is to say, 

 the apical pair only can be wanting. Anterior femora usually bristly below (bare in 

 Euphrania). Abdomen of the female with the last segment distinct and the others 

 never fused together; the ovipositor usually flattened (cylindrical in some Anastrepha, 

 Carpophthoromyia and Urophora). Auxiliary vein distinct; the first three longitu- 

 dinal veins not approximated ; second basal cell not dilated ; anal cell not narrowed, 

 with the inferior angle drawn out in a point or not, shorter or longer than the 

 second basal cell. Pattern of the wings varying from the banded to the reticulated 

 type, rarely absent. The species are proper to tropical, temperate and even cold 

 countries ; the larvae live in fruits, or in various parts of vegetables, and are very 

 often gall-makers. 



This great subfamily includes most of the proposed genera of Trypaneids. No 

 attempts have been made to subdivide it ; and I think that lyoew in his generic 

 divisions has laid too much stress on the pattern of the wings, chiefly for practical 

 purposes. Schiner has followed lyoew with some little modification, and so have all 

 subsequent writers. Rondani, in 1870, has given a more scientific arrangement, 

 but he lays too much importance on the relative lengths of the various portions 

 of the fourth longitudinal vein. 



I think that the subdivision of the subfamily Trypaneinae into other groups of 

 subfamily rank is not at present possible ; but I am of opinion that three secondary 

 groups or tribes can be distinguished by the following characters : — 



ist Tribe : Ceratitininae. Occipital row formed by thin black bristles, which at 

 the most are yellow only in the postvertical region ; or the row is almost wanting, 

 being only distinct in the superior portion. Arista often pilose or plumose. Thorax 

 mostly clothed on the back with black pubescence. Wings with the third longitudi- 

 nal vein usually bristly over its whole length, or at least towards the base ; anal 

 cell usually with its lower angle drawn out into a point, and therefore as long as, or 

 longer than, the second basal cell (obtuse in Gonyglossum) . Wing-pattern of the 

 banded type. The species of this tribe are most abundant in tropical or subtropical 



