1914-] ^- H. GravEIvY : All Account of the Oyiental Passalidae. 197 



(Sides of elytra hairless, unpunctured except in the grooves .. Basilianns, Kaup ; pp. 



220 & 282. 

 5.^ Sides of elytra clothed with hair, lateral ridges more or less exten- 

 sively punctured especially near the shoulder . . . . Aceraius, Kaup ; pp. 228 

 [ " & 286. 



All species of the subfamily Macrolininae as defined here were placed by Kuwert 

 in one or other of the genera Macrolinus and Tiberius. Zang (1905«, p. 163) has 

 pointed out that Kuwert' s definitions of these genera are based on a distinction 

 which does not really exist. Zang' s definition, however, is based on a character 

 which appears to me to be of specific rather than of generic importance. If the 

 subfamily is to be divided into genera at all it must be along the lines indicated by 

 Kuwert, but the definitions will have to be differently expressed, and Kuwert' s genus 

 Macrolinus will have to be further subdivided into three sections, to each of which 

 generic value must be given. It seems to me preferable, therefore, to reunite the 

 genera Macrolinus and Tiberius. The single genus thus formed may then be divided 

 into groups of species as follows : — (i) Macrolinus urus and diuvenbodei from Celebes ; 

 (2) M. sikkimensis, nicobaricus, and andamanensis ; (3) the Ceylon forms; and 

 (4) the Malaysian and Philippine forms with M. sulciperfectus from Celebes. The so- 

 called African species, Tiberius caff er , of which I have examined the type, has proved 

 to belong to the genus Pharochilus ; it is probably P. dilatatus from Australia. 



The subfamily Gnaphalocneminae contains the remaining genera belonging 

 to the "second ga" groups of Kuwert's classification, i.e. all except the genera 

 Chilomazus { = Laches), Epilaches, Heterochilus , Basilianus, and Aceraius. It is most 

 abundantly represented in the Far Eastern part of the Indo- Australian area, and the 

 following revision of its classification is based on the collections in the Berlin and 

 Hamburg Museums, in which Pelopides and T alius are the only genera that are not 

 represented.^ 



In the Gnaphalocneminae, as in the Aceraiinae, some species are symmetrical 

 and others highly asymmetrical ; it is probable that the two subfamilies are 

 very closely allied, and that the former occupies the same position in the faima of the 

 Australian Region as the latter does in that of the Oriental Region. 



The classification of the Gnaphalocneminae has hitherto been based principally 

 on the sculpturing of the mentum and of the anterior margin of the head. This 

 sculpturing appears to be of primary importance, but it is very difficult to define 

 some genera precisely with its help alone, and I have found it necessary to use also the 

 structure of the mandibles. In the less highly specialized genera of both Gnaphalo- 

 cneminae and Aceraiinae the dentition of both mandibles is complete and normal, 

 all the terminal and lower teeth being present and approximately equidistant one 

 from another; whereas in the more highly specialized genera the lowest terminal 

 tooth and anterior lower tooth tend to fuse or to disappear, on one or both of the 



' I have also, through the kindness of Prof. L,ampert, been enabled to examine the type specimen 

 of the genus Hyperplesthenus, Kuwert, which is preserved in the Stuttgart Museum. Without reference 

 to this specimen I could not have determined the characteristics of the genus. 



