IQI4-] F. H. GraveIvY : An Account of the Oriental Passalidae. 203 



{Secondary scars curved . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 

 vSecondary scars V-shaped, forming together a VV'Shaped depres- 

 sion .. .. .. .. .. (7oiuitas, Kaup, pp. 250 

 & 299. 

 /'Secondary scars approximate, forming together an <-«j shaped de- 

 18./ pression .. .. .. .. .. .. [Omegar ius, KuwertK] 



(^Secondary scars widely separated .. .. .. [Tatiiis, Kuv/extK] 



The last Oriental subfamily, Leptaulacinae, contains only two of Kuwert's 

 Oriental genera, these being Leptaulax and Trichostigmus. Of these the former is by 

 far the larger, and Zang (1905a, p. 106) has spht it up into two. The species belonging 

 to it seem capable of arrangement in quite a definite linear series. At one end of this 

 series we have forms in which the intermediate areas of the metasternum, and as a rule 

 the sides of the pronotum, are thickly and extensively punctured, the lateral grooves of 

 the elytra being very broad with transversely lirfear punctures ; while at the other end 

 come forms in which the lateral grooves of the elytra are narrow with small round punc- 

 tures, the sides of the pronotum bearing a few punctures only, while the punctures on 

 the intermediate areas of the metasternum are absent, or obsolete and confined to the 

 inner posterior angles. All species belonging to the first-mentioned end of this series 

 apparently belong to the genus Leptaulax as restricted by Zang, and those belonging 

 to the last- mentioned apparently belong to his new getius Leptaulacides ; but as the 

 character on which these genera are separated — the form of the parietal ridges of 

 the head — is only once referred to by Kuwert, it is impossible to be quite certain 

 whereabouts in the series the restricted genus Leptaulax ends and the new genus 

 Leptaulacides begins. I have, therefore, recognized the genera as distinct, only when 

 describing the species before me,^ and have dealt with both under the old name Leptaulax 

 (as defined by Kaup and Kuwert) in the sabsequent synonymmic revision of the 

 Oriental Passalidae as a whole. The three accepted genera of I^eptaulacinae may be 

 distinguished as follows : - 



/' Sides of elytra hairless .. .. .. .. ,. ..2. 



I.' Sides of elytra hairy .. .. Trichostigmus, Kaup, pp. 



t 261 & 3T0. 



and supra-orbital ridge in this genus. This character is not found in any other accepted genus of the 

 group but it is shared by " Pdopides" gravidas, Kuwert, which must be transferred, in all prob- 

 ability, to this group (see Zang, 1905«, p. 316 and 1905&, p. 227). " Pelopides" gravidns differs, 

 however, from all known species of Gnaphalocnemts, in that the left outer tubercle is larger and not smaller 

 than the right. One species of Gnaphalocnemis is known to me in which there is no depression between 

 the left outer tubercle and supra-orbital ridge. This is described below under the name G. simplex. 

 It further differs from other species of Gnaphalocnemis in the form of the outer tubercles, and in 

 having the anterior intermediate and lateral areas of the metasternum very imperfectly separated. A 

 new genus may ultimately be required for its reception. 



' I very much doubt the distinctaess of these two genera one from another. 



^ An examination of further material has shown that this distinction does not always hold good, 

 for L. himalayae and certain species immediately succeeding it in my list may have parietal ridges of 

 the kind found in either genus, the two kinds being sometimes found on opposite side of a single speci- 

 men. The two genera have therfore been united in the following pages. 



