340 Memoirs of the Indian Museitm. [Vol. Ill, 



p. 238; Macrolinus sikkimensis, p. 243; Macrolinus rotundifrons , p. 245; Leptmdax 

 dentatuSj p. 255; Leptaidax bicolor, pp. 258-9; and Leptaulax roepstorfl, p, 260). This 

 information J as far as it goes, confirms Arrow's belief that the habits of Oriental 

 forms would be found to resemble those of the American forms described by Ohaus, 

 on which Arrow found himself compelled to base the account of the habits of the 

 family in the introduction to his account of the Indian Lamellicornia in the " Fauna 

 of British India " series. 



It has been found that different species differ somewhat in their habits one from 

 another in various ways. Probably adults of nearly all species live in decaying wood 

 in pairs with their young ; but whereas in certain species large numbers of such 

 families are commonly found in a single log, so closely associated with one another 

 that it is often impossible to separate out the individuals belonging to any single 

 pair, in others each family forms an isolated group. All the five dominant species 

 are gregarious. 



Leptaulax roepstorfi, one of the smallest and most markedly flattened of the 

 Oriental representatives of the family, inhabits natural cracks in hard logs, into the 

 depths of which it penetrates. Most species burrow nearer the surface, and the 

 I^eptaulacinae, most of which are much flattened, appear to burrow as a rule even 

 closer to the bark than do the Aceraiinae, which are less flat. One at least [Leptaul.ix 

 dentatus) of the two dominant species of I^eptaulacinae is, moreover, only found in very 

 rotten wood ; whereas the dominant representative of the Aceraiinae in Assam and 

 the adjoining country, Aceraius grandis sub-sp. hirsutus, as well as the only other 

 member of the genus whose habits have been studied {A . helferi) are only found in wood 

 of a very much tougher consistency. On the other hand, the Aceraiinae inhabiting 

 the Indian Peninsula {Episphenus indicus and neelgherriensis) appear to live in quite 

 rotten wood, which may perhaps help to account in some measure for the apparent 

 scarcity of Leptaulacinae in that area, where probably at most not more than half 

 a dozen separate colonies have yet been noticed. Episphenus neelgherriensis has been 

 found under stones as well as in rotten wood ; and Macrolinus rotundifrons has been 

 found among decaying vegetable refuse. 



Reproduction appears to be retarded or arrested during dry cold weather 

 (p. 223). 



VIII.— LIST OF PUBLISHED PAPERS DEALING WITH PASSALIDAE 

 BELONGING TO GENERA FOUND IN THE ORIENTAL REGION. 



Papers marked with au asterisk (*) are not available in Calcutta. 



1792. Fabricius, J. C. " Entomologia Systematica emenda et aucta." Vol. I 

 (Hafniae, 1892), pp. 240-1. 



* 1800. Illiger, K. "Vierzig neue Insecten aus der Hellwigischen Sammlung in 



Braimschweig " Wiedemann Archiv für Zool. u. Zoot. (Berlin and 

 Brimswick 1800) I (2), pp. 103-150, and II, pp. 229-230. 



* 1800. Erichson in Wiedemann Archiv für Zool u. Zoot. I (1800). 



