226 VERTEBRATE REMAINS, PORT KENNEDY BONE DEPOSIT. 



The diameters of the astragalus of a medium-seized adult grizzly (cinnamon) 

 bear are as follows: Greatest width, 46; greatest length, 39. The proximal diam- 

 eters of an ungual phalange are, vertical, 27 ; transverse, 14 mm. 



As already remarked, the nearest ally of this species among recent bears is 

 Tremarctos ornatus Cuv. of the Ancles. Besides the character of the humerus, this 

 species differs from that one in the linear and not angulate arrangement of the pre- 

 molar teeth, and perhaps in the presence of an anterior angle of the mandibular 

 ramus, which is wanting from T. ornatus according to DeBlainville's figure. 

 Among extinct species it must be compared with Ursus prisiimis Leidy, and 

 U. simus Cope. In U. simus the muzzle is shorter and the premolar teeth are 

 larger and more closely placed, having no spaces between them. The grinding 

 surface of the last superior molar is not so reflected upward. U. pristinus is only 

 known from a second inferior molar which resembles that of the present species 

 considerably, so that I formerly identified the two. In the present collection there 

 are nine second inferior true molars, in place or detached, which agree closely and 

 differ from the tooth described and figured by Leidy. The latter has the trigon of 

 a different form, the internal side being more produced anteriorly than the external 

 portion, or rarely, equally produced, while in U. pristinus the external portion is 

 much more produced anteriorly, the inner being contracted, and presenting an angu- 

 late outline internally. It is cut off from the metaconid by a deep notch, which is 

 represented by a faint trace in U. haplodon, which has a more anterior position. 

 This tooth in U. pristinus thus resembles more closely that of the typical Ursi. 

 Further, the tooth of U. pristinus is much more tubercular, the edge of the grind- 

 ing surface being abundantly and deeply notched, a character indicated by traces 

 only in U. haplodon. The same is true of the grinding face, which is more 

 abundantly and acutely tubercular. The protoconid is much less elevated than the 

 metaconid in unworn teeth. In U. pristinus these cusps are more nearly equal. 

 The characters of the latter species are derived from the handsome figure given by 

 Leidy (/. c), as the typical specimen cannot now be found. Leidy's description, so 

 far as it goes, corroborates the figure. 



Ursus americanus Pallas. 



Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc, Washington, 1896, p. 79 ; Leidy, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ill, p. 169. 



The black bear was apparently not nearly so abundant as the cave bear, remains 

 of only eight individuals having been certainly discovered at Port Kennedy. These 

 consist of a right ramus of the lower jaw containing the canine and last two molar 

 teeth ; a fragment of another ramus with the last two molars, accompanied by sepa- 

 rate superior molars and canines of probably the same animal ; a part of a maxillary 

 bone with the last two molars ; and several separate molars and canines. These 

 specimens show a range of variation in size similar to that seen in the existing 

 individuals, as may be seen from the measurements below. In the ramus first men- 

 tioned the premolars are all present and in the usual positions. 



