BONE CAVE AT PORT KENNEDY. 281 



Dicaelus alutaceus 

 Aphodius scutellaris 

 Aphodius micans 

 Phanaeus antiquus 

 Copris punctulatus 

 Saprinus? ebeninus 

 Plants : 



Quercus palustris 



Quercus alba 



Quercus macrocarpa (2 acorns) 



Fagus ferruginea 



180 seeds and 20 fragments of seeds 

 Corylus americana 



21 nuts and nut fragments 

 Pinus rigida 



9 cones and 2 cone fragments 1 

 Prunus 3 seeds 

 Carya porcina 9 nuts 

 Carya alba 2 nuts 

 Ampelopsis quinquefolia 

 Sphagnum 

 Crataegus 

 Crataegus crusgalli ? 



Though the fissure had revealed the remains of a multitude of mutually 

 antagonistic creatures the relics showed no trace of their racial hostilities and daily 

 appetites. Rodents, of whom individuals of 13 identified species were found, had 

 not gnawed the bones, and no sign appeared that the numerous carnivores had 

 preyed upon their natural victims. The large and the small, the fierce and the 

 gentle, lay together, overpowered, in most instances it seemed, by a common fate. 



On the other hand, insects may have swarmed in the wet hole at any time after 

 the destruction of the animals, and, while of these Wheatley found, as identified 

 by Dr. Horn, 12 individuals of Carabida;, Scarabtzidcs and Histeridce (see list), 

 our excavation revealed but the single wing of one unidentified individual. As 

 a rule such creatures as might have escaped a water catastrophe were not dis- 

 covered at the spot. If we except bones of the wild turkey and snipe found by 

 Wheatley, few, if any, of ' the remains, could have been identified as those of 

 birds ; and though turtles were abundant, and frogs found by Wheatley, we found 

 no fish and no mollusks. 



Age of the Remains. 



Whatever else was to be inferred from the debris we knew its geological date. 

 We had gone back one geological step into different conditions of species and a 

 different climate. Extinct animals in dominant numbers, or still existing species 

 since migrated far from the region, clearly stamped the deposit as typical of the 



1 Black, water soaked and flattened almost beyond recognition when found, several of these cones on 

 drying in the warm room at Port Kennedy, to our astonishment, expanded into their natural form. 



36 JOURN. A. X. S. PHILA., VOL. XL 



