Geology and Mineralogy. 59 
IJ. GeoLtocy AND MINERALOGY. 
1. Recent Discoveries of Fietinet Animals by pollen a Marsh. 
logical jamsaaebas in the Roe ocky Mountain region. His explora- 
tions, which were attended with much hacia ip and danger, have 
been mainly confined to the Cretaceous and Tertiary formations, 
and especially to their vertebrate fauna. During the past six 
years, the expeditions u under his charge have brought to light 
more than 300 species of fossil vertebrates new to science, about 
200 of which he has already described. 
Among the extinct animals thus discovered, mee many new 
groups, representing forms of life hitherto unknown. The most 
interestin ng of these are the Cretaceous Odontoracthes or Birds 
with teet h, which constitute a new sub-class, containing two dis- 
tinct orders, viz: the Odontolew, which have the teeth in grooves, 
and the Odontotorme, with teeth in distinct sockets. The 
form a new order, Pteranodontia, from the typical genus Pter- 
anodon, six species of which are now known. With these 
fossils were found large numbers of Mosasauroid reptiles, and 
Temains of more inte & 500 different seca cage were coheed 
ture of = reptiles, and to acuiinn that they possessed hind 
paddles, an re covered, in part at least, with bony dermal 
scutes. Man ates ms Renities: and Fishes were found in the 
same Cretaceous strat 
€ discoveries of oe Marsh and party in the Tertiary of 
West were of no less importance. e most interesting a 
he t e 
t 
mountains, and the Wahsatch Range. These basins were ex- 
P by Professor Marsh in 1870, and their Eocene age then 
