Geology and Mineralogy. 67 
ous species Huomphalus cuttilus, Monticulipora vega Che- 
tetes radians, Cyathophyllum ibicinum, Syringopore, e 
The Coal-Measures have been dis tinguished on Spitcbargea 
only “in Robert’s Valley, on the eastern side of the great bottom 
ange in Recherche Bay,” where the thickness is 1,000 to 2,000 
feet. There is some black shale but no true coal. Species of Sphe- 
nopteris, Condutise (C. ae and C. primordialis), Lepidoden- 
dron are common, and some o of Stigmaria, Sphenophyllum, 
Asterophyllites, but none of Pesopiorts and Neuropteris. The 
same strata probably extend over Cape —— to Van Keu- 
len’s Bay, and may occur at various other plac 
The Triassic formation is met with in ee Sonal The beds 
are principally bgt Bares slate with some beds of limestone and 
ee 1 tab the beds have afforded remains of soniye sau- 
ru 
oal Eras of India, ae a Permian or Triassie Gla- 
cial period.—Mr. H. T. Bla nford, in an able paper in the Quar- 
terly Journal of the Geological Society of London for 1875, 
519, discusses at length the age of the coal-bearing strata of 
India and the evidences of a Glacial era in underlying conglom- 
erate beds, 
(1). Coal beds and Eras.—He arrives at the conclusion, — 
regard to the “oats, that they range from the Lower Permia 
to the latest Jurassi 
meant group, 1,500 i. and Ae ), C loarse ibe ie ‘and con- 
yo sree 500 fee e flora of the R&ni anj pia? includes 
Sees ; Brownian . hyllotheca Indica, a 
P. ea, besides other species of these genera, and some also of 
copteris, Cyclopteris, Sphenophyllum, Calamites, pad Schizo- 
pesca The overlying Panchét group oe species of Sphenop- 
re opteris, Neuropteris (?), Schizoneura, Preissleria ; also 
in brethoind (Huxley), a Dicynodont, a Thecodont, (.An- 
vad th n Indicus Huxley), an Estheria, et 
the Rajmahal hills, beds, supposed to be ‘equivalents of the R&- 
wigan ‘) group, are overlaid uncon ormably by the Rajmahal group, 
sihies Contain, besides species of the last-mentioned genera, 
specificall alehia , Voltzia and an abundance of Cycads ; all are 
<i distinct from those in bg older groups. Besides these 
Species, the og ss woods of Dadoaylon, Paleoxylon, Tax- 
nylon, and o <Ingiosperms of three or four varieties, but no ani- 
