J. Murray on Sea-bottom Deposits. 269 
8. Origin of Deep-Sea Clays. Relative rate of Deposition of 
Deposits. Conclusion.—The very wide distribution of pumice, 
vesicular lava, or light scoriee has been already alluded to. 
Some of the bottoms which have been classed under the head 
of clays, as 2900 fathoms south of Tongatabu, are largely made 
up of pumice in a fine state of division. Pumice or vesicular 
lavas have, in short, been found in all the kinds of red aoa 
on the surface, most of the pieces being covered with a fungoi 
wt n this connection it may be well to remember that 
miles from the nearest volcanic region. Many instances are 
given by Sir Charles Lyell of volcanic ashes having been trans- 
Ported to great distances by the wind. 
t Honolulu Mr. Green informed me that Pele’s hair had 
been picked up in his garden there after an irruption of Kilauea 
im Hawaii, a distance of about 180 miles from the crater. If 
there be an ash after the carbonate of lime is removed by car- 
eg acid or other agent, this will be another source of the 
Clay. : 
Remembering this, one is tempted to suggest the presence of 
n 
sharks’ teeth, we cannot resist the idea that we are dealing 
with things of a vast antiquity, and that we have evidences of 
cm 
ha ust a trace of manganese on them, or none . ty ide 
every reason to suppose that the aggregation of the ma 
eanese around these relics is a very slow process, and that 
and let the ¢. pl : . : boiling the solution. 
If arbonic acid be determined in the usual way by boiling T 
le Water contained any easily oxidizable carbon compound, we should obtain 
ence tg in the secon i determinati : 
Would correspond approximately to the amount of organic carbon presen! 4 
from 1, Waters which I have treated according to this principle, I have foun 
five milligrams of carbon per liter. 
