314 I. I. Hayes or. the Practicability 
which seems to exist towards a great system of revolving cur- 
rents. In the Greenland sea near Spitzbergen, the deep sea water 
is, according to Scoresby, warmer than the surface. A series of 
observations made by this distinguished navigator and philoso- 
pher, between the tenth meridian of western and the tenth of 
eastern longitude, and between the parallels 76° 16’ and 80°, show 
a constantly increasing temperature from the surface downward. 
The mean of nine observations with a mean latitude 77° 40’, gave 
a surface temperature 29°1° with extremes 28°1° and 30°, and at 
a mean depth of 665 feet the mean temperature was four degrees 
higher. A single observation taken in latitude 79° at the depth 
of 2,400 feet gave a temperature of 36°, at 4,380 feet the tempera- 
ture was 37°, and at 4,556 feet in latitude 78° the temperature 
was 88°. Dr. Scoresby thought this deep warm water to be “a 
still further continuation of the Gulf Stream.” Be this as it may, 
the current about the new Siberian islands is westward, and we 
have doubtless a continuation of this flow in the great Polar drift 
of the Greenland sea; another current sets south through the 
estuaries leading into and from Baffin’s and Hudson’s Bays. 
That there are northward currents to keep the waters of the 
Polar Basin in equilibrium must be evident. In Baffin’s Bay t 
is well known that the deeper ice bergs are carried northward, 
while the surface ice is drifting south, thus showing a deep sea 
current setting toward the Pole. The Behring Strait current 
runs in the same direction. The Gulf Stream after sending off a 
bifurcation to the southeast, stretches northward to the Nor- 
way coast, and is lost to observation beyond North Cape. The 
great Arctic water-sheds of Europe, Asia, and America, equal- 
ing together nearly five millions (6,000,000) of square miles, 
pour down their immense floods of warm water into the Arctic 
urpose of reaching 
Fae ae sea. The 
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