108 Scientific Intelligence. 
Carbonic acid, oo 2 ayy ep SS oe 
itrogen, - .- : > - “ - - 41°12 
Carbonic oxyd, = - - - - - - 3°88 
d n, : - - 1-21 
Sulphid of hydrogen; - - == - '- 060 
: ee alee 5S 
100-00 * 
From this analy = also appears that the old theory of the explosion 
is incorrect, since according to it nitrogen and carbonic acid shou 
ees in the Mas 1:8, whereas the actual ratio is not even as 
7 e } authors Send further that 1 ook of the powder used by 
ous i iedtacts in the cohatietion tube filled with air, amounting to 244 
units, so that the true heat of combustion is 619°5 C. The calculated 
‘quantity of heat, supposing that the combustible ingredients of the pow- 
der burn freely in oxygen, is 1039°1 C.: the difference is easily explained 
e absorption of heat on the part of the nitrogen set "he tem- 
ure of the flame of the powder is found by dividing the vomit 
619°5 by the specific heat of the products of the explosion, namely 0°207,. 
and is therefore equal to 2993° C. When however powder burns na 
space in which it cannot expand, the number 619°5 must be divided by — 
co 
volume, which is 0°18547, and the temperature of the flame is therefore 
3340°0, These values, 2993° C. and 3340° C., are approximations 
that the received theory that the solid residue of the explosion of the 
powder exert a sensible tension. is wholly unfounded since this residue 
a single atmosphere. The authors next calculate the pressu 
eres which the powder exerts at the moment of explosion = find it 
4373-6, of which about 1000 are due to the oy ion of the solid ao 
ue. The pressure which the powder employed could exert upon 
sides of a centbk wore would, as Beas sos honk never exceed 44 thousand 
atmospheres. Hence it appears that the statements of the best authori-_ 
ties on artillery that this pressure amounts to 50,000 or 100,000 atmos- 
pheres are entirely without foundation in fact. One kilogram of the 
powder Seo. could exert in its de ye a theoretical work of 67410 — 
aie wae see je / 
