Geology and Natural History. 321 
been only a string of small islands; ere Yucatan, the Bahamas, 
Bermudas and much of Florida did n t yet exist, "and their sur- 
face — eee not bi been deposit ted.” 
He r dese additional facts I have acquired in Costa 
Rica pence go stony to sustain the opinion I have already 
advanced, that no sedimentary rock older than the Miocene is 
found here, The Carboniferous formation is Miocene; an 
herever it is unaltered it contains coal-beds, some of which are 
two yards thick. ow I have seen this coal, as the green streaks 
show, all the way around from near San José to the end of Tala- 
manca, and we know that heavy beds occur in Chiriqui on the 
Atlantic side, And all along the coast, as at Boca Brava, Punta 
Uvita, Pirris, Tarcoles, etc., coal is ound. The existence of rer 
Miocene beds on the Atlantic side proves that the oe lf w 
occupied by marine waters as now. 
11. _ be —— of Southern Italy ; by Rowans Aowa 
pp., 4to, with three plates. Vienna, 1874. (From vol. xxxiv, 
De pobr riften der Kaianiohes Akademie es Wissenschaften. pia 
Professor Suess first describes with some detail the geological 
structure of Sicily, and of the neighboring districts of ere to the 
knowledge of which he has contributed so much by his personal 
labors. It is shown that in this region cain is, in the 8 pnp 
re refal dunonaiie follows of the Enportant earthquake phe- 
einena: which have been observed in Southern Italy. 
conclusion reached is, that the crthquakeaoel of Sicily and 
Calabri: ria may be se arated into three clas 
are afforded by the many ake which have come to Southern 
os from yee Beh abe Islands. 
oe shocks, those which have not a voleano as their 
c ace ring volcanoes. The lin t ocks ma 
traced from Cosenza southwest through Oppido and Reggio, and is 
robably continued throu t. Etna th the Lipar ermo, thus form 
forward or backed a abi line, so that they may visit the same 
place within a short time from different directions. 
