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Geology and Mineralogy. 125 
to the southwest-by-south aah Mount Pitt, and then south from this 
peak, Mt. Shasta; from Mt. Shasta, the range was deflected eastward to 
are few and steep, while westward there is a broad mountainous belt, 
gradually diminishing in altitude. Besides the lofty cones, there are 
many other craters along the range. Between the snowy mountains of 
the Three Sisters, a Sa — and recent lavas were passed at a height 
of 6,500 feet above the 
Glacial action—The avi wall of this crater consisted of black 
phyry, and was everywhere scored as if by glacial action. The groo bat 
continued down the northwest and southwest sides of the mountain and 
in the latter direction they were traced for ners miles to a point over 
2000 feet below the line of perpetual snow. . These evidences of glacial 
action reach over a wide extent of country and prove a condition of 
climate in former times widely different fons the present. 
Des Chutes Basin.—This basin consists of a series of plateaus from 4000 
to 2200 feet in elevation above the sea, each covered usually by a floor 
of columnar igneous rock. The igneous rock overlies tufas and conglom- 
erates neatly ee: and alternates at times with other doleritic layers. 
At the eastern bas of the Three Sisters, the plateau is 4000 feet high. 
of scoria, and Mt. Jefferson with its ejections. Approaching Mt. Jeffer- 
son, the progress of the party was arrested by a cafion 1950 feet ees 
standing on one = on metamorphic slates, ooked across to 
black and rugged slopes of the — snow-covered moun 
The tufas were partly of w oe blue and other fancy colors ; 
some varieties were highly ho § and freshwater in species, according 
to Prof. Bailey. They contained numerous sometimes 
fossilized and sometimes in the condition of decayed wood. 
Hot Springs. Metamorphic action.—In the valley of the Wam Chuck 
there are numerous hot two of them having a temperature of 
springs, two 
148° and 145° F. The water holds large quantities “Of a dissolved silica, and 
gelatinous | silica was floating i in it; _ sides of taal were incrusted 
ant, as it is over much of 
remains were ‘eollected 3 in the basins of Pit river, 
Klamath, the ge Chutes and the Columbia, as well as at Monterey, and 
many other points on the coast, to Shoalwater, Washington Territory. 
Prof, Bailey found in every case that all the specimens from the east of 
Srey eae ee oa 9-2 amet iF Ms, gee hae ae 
Pl ey Fs 
