Shay eee Bit iwit wii antiaiag italy PF ey a ON oi ee eres ee aa 
oe Ses aan ee at cai i soa 
Be oss Bae oe 
= * es Geographical Notices, ” 
features, the region of easterly winds, gently conduc 
ey the Old to the World, and the region of "ariable a and 
pringeny westerly winds, useful for the return; and t 
route as well of the out-voyages as of the ‘ease 
of the Spanish vessels, which for a long time after him, though 
of course with some modifications, followed his tracks.” 
2. The first Voyage from England to North America. THE 
Casors, 1497.—The loss of papers which Sebastian Cabot wrote 
in respect to his Pa causes an unfortunate gap in the his- 
tory of maritime disco 
3. The first Voyage f from Portugal by way of the Azores, to New- 
foundland and Labrador ConTEREAL, 1500-1.—Though 
the authorities on this crue are few and vague, it is ‘‘ pretty 
certain that his oceanic track lay between the Azores and the 
northern Capes of Newfoundland—that is to say, across the 
eastern region of the Gulf Stream, and the northeastern parts of 
the great Newfoundland banks.’ 
4. The Discovery of the Navigation of the Gulf Stream and 
Great Reform in the System of Spanish-American Navigation 
ALAMINos, 1519.—“ Alaminos was the first who eircamnayigiea 
the region of the trade-winds with the greatest possible northwestern 
bend, and, moreover, with the assistance of the Gulf Stream, 
which was unknown to Columbus and his immediate successors. 
Alaminos pointed out a perfectly new oceanic route, the ve 
best and the only good one; which the Spaniards tte A 
used for their return to Europe from the ont Indies. _— 
after him all the Spanish vessels, all the Spanish treasures 
the islands, from Mexico, from Northern South a na 
even from Peru, went that way; and ne eastern gate of the 
Gulf of Mexico, thrown open by Alaminos, became th 
pal outlet not only for this gulf, but ies for the entire o Moditen 
ranean waters of America. The windward passages between 
the islands were now. used only as in/ets to these waters from the 
east. The immediate consequences of me voyage of discovery 
of suas may be summed up thus: A better knowledge of 
mportance of the Gulf Sirah nial of all that section of 
the Ranke through which it passes; the early discovery after- 
ward of the Bermudas; the quick rise of the harbor of Hi Havana, 
which was situated at the very border of the Gulf Stream, and 
i the ve mouth = that gate; a total change in the system of 
Spanish-Amer tion, and the organization of what 
"Ea Dermot a de la Vuelta de las Indias, 
(he ra it fom ch Bepotition to the West, out by way 
the Trade Winds, and home by way of ja pfoundland. VE an 
1524.—The Florentine Verrazano, starting from Madeira, favored 
tlantic 
; _ the northeasterly trades, sailed directly across the "A 
