464 Scientific Intelligence. 
defined forms, and does not reduce the copper test. In its optical 
behavior, therefore , as well as in its physical and chemical proper- 
ties, it appears to be identical with cane sugar. e malt-residue 
extracted with water, yielded a solution from which alcohol pre- 
cipitated a substance in white flocks, which is ay | to, but is 
chemically not identical with, dextrin.— Ber. Ber ape em. Ges., 
viii, 202, March, 1875. a ae 
6. Carbo nyles, a new Class of Organic Bodies.—M. Nace 8 
has recently instituted a new class of organic bodies, to which he 
has given the name of carbony/les, and to which he assigns three 
bakes hitherto pathos ambiguous in chemical behavior. These 
are: allylene oxide (dimethylene carbonyle), CO 1 ny ) diphe- 
2 
nylene-acetone (diphenylene carbonyle, co } oon] and ordinary 
 s 
Se arbonv! cof Gs ih }- Suberone, C aH 529; 
d 
eel, "polongy: here also, The distinguishing feature of car- 
bonyles is their double function. In the firs t place, they act like 
aldehydes, being able to fix hydrogen directly and to produce 
alcohols; while, like aldehydes, they are re-produced by the 
dehydrogenization of these alcohols. Again, like aldehydes, they 
may be sane the direct or indirect oxidation of hydrocar- 
bons; as ethylene we and oxygen, C,H,(H,)-++0, pro- 
duces atin spiced My C,H ,(O), so camphene hydride and oxygen, 
16 2) +0, roduces eamphor, C,,H,,(O), by indirect 
oxidation ; and as ethylene by direct oxidation esr ethyl alde- 
hyde, C, H ene .(O), so camphene, C ,, lH, ,+0, gives cam- 
phor, C, ae: : “But, secondly, tt is to be observed that while 
aldehydes are Noo ed by the de Maan oxidation of saturated 
hydrocarbons, carbonyles result from the indirect oxidation of 
unsaturated hydrocarbons, is is a very material difference, 
since, beside its aldehydic function, Fea carbonyle molecule is 
unsaturated, and can unite directly with other unsaturated mole- 
cules. He ence, like carbonyl itself, sons which these bodies take 
their name , they ¢ an fix directly the oy eg of water and 
orm monobasic acids; as CO+HOH=CHO , formic acid, so 
C0}G oe +HOH=C, H,O., propionic acid. So also, by reason 
of this unsaturation, they can unite directly with three atoms of 
oxygen to form dibasic acids; camphor, C,,H, ,O, for et 
forming with 0, AT diy Oe , camphorie acid. So, conversely, t 
removal of water and carbon dioxide from a single molecule of'a a 
ibado acid, yields a carbonyle, differing from the analogous pro- 
duction of acetones by the fact that the removal in the latter case 
is from two molecules of a — acid. Regarding all hydro- 
carbons as derivatives of mars or formene, the formation of 
the three classes of at Pliny "them by indirect oxidation 
med be represented as follows 
