340 J. D. Dana—Koch’s Evidence on the Cotemporaneity of 
being the largest that were growing here at the time. These vari- 
ous matters had been torn up by their roots and twisted and split 
into a thousand pieces, apparently by lightning, combined with a 
tremendous tempest or tornado; and all were involved in one 
common ruin. Several veins of iron pyrites ran through this 
tum. 
a large spring which appeared to rise from the very bowels of the 
earth, as it was never affected by the severest rain, nor did it 
come lower by the longest drought.”—Dr. Koch’s Pamphlet of 
1843, pages 27, 13 and 14. 
The first question before us is: Whether the observations 
and conclusions in the above statements may be accepted wit 
confidence because made by a geologist, or a man of scientific 
trainin 
Tn the account of the second case above cited, Dr. Koch says 
that the Missourium was embedded in “a brown alluvium of 
the Hocene region” resting on the “upper green sand ;” that 
to have come from t ower Tertiary, and from a bed just 
above the upper green sand (Cretaceous), when actually from 
Quaternary beds; and he uses the terms ea cene 
In zodlogical esipehlat be was equally deficient. The ac- 
count of the Missourium, in the sataphlet of 1841, recognizes a 
resemblance to the Mastodon and Elephant; but, notwith- 
standing this, it says that “his feet were webbed ;” that be had 
“been without doubt an inhabitant of water courses such as 
