284 F. H. Bradley—=Silurian age of the Southern Appalachians. 
3. Krom Athens to Murphy. 
As was long ago stated by Rogers, the dips, throughout large 
portions of the Appalachians, are mainly to the southeast, the 
upward displacement along the numerous lines of faults being 
generally on their southeastern sides. Asa consequence, it is at 
many places difficult to recognize the successive outcrops of the 
different beds, until one has become somewhat familiar with 
their local features and forms of metamorphism. In tracing 
the section, however, from the railroad at Athens, Tenn., across 
thin streaks of hematite, partly in the compact “specular” form, 
artly odlitic, partly in a powdery or scaly condition, which 
as been locally mistaken for cinnabar. The hard ore can 
sometimes be traced, within short distances, from the “ specular” 
condition into the unaltered odlitic “ dyestone,” inclosing corals 
and other fossils in perfect preservation, or again into a ferrugl- 
nous sandstone. The ores of this belt have not yet been found 
in sufficiently thick beds to pay for mining, though many cat- 
loads of good ore have been gathered from the accumulations 
along the weathered outcrops. These iron-limestone beds recur, 
in several successive waves, for about four miles, one of the 
clinals bending low enough to show a considerable mass of 
fe) in * Finally, thirteen miles out, the 
layers rise in sharp northwest dips, as we approach the foot of 
mountain; and the heavy beds of the Chilhowee sandstone 
form its crest, in bold cliffs overlooking the valley to the south- 
east, 1,100 feet below. White Cliff Springs, of chalybeate and 
sulphur water, are a favorite summer resort, near the summit, 
and sixteen miles from Athens. Such springs are frequent 
