a i ag a 
eR See A en en een PE Ree AN EEN. ir Oe eR SP 
a bse 
H, J. Clark on the Microscope. 37 
longs to the Miocene of Haering in Tyrol. A fifth species, Pinus 
anthracina Ll. and Hutt., is a cone which was found in the shales 
of England. There are then only eight species of the pine family 
which have been found in England, in a bed of sandstone refer- 
red to the upper coal measures and described by Witham. 
Admitting the position of this sandstone as true, though it is 
most remarkable that the remains of the Pine family should 
have been found in the coal measures of England only, there 
has been found in the sandstone of the coal measures 4 species 
of Stigmaria, 15 species of Sigillaria, 10 species of Lepidodendron, 
3 of Knorria, 4 of Halonia, 6 of Calamites, 10 to 20 species of 
Psaronius and other stems. This would make at least 60 species 
outside of the Pine family for 8 init. The same proportion would 
be true according to the number of specimens. In the state of 
Ohio, near Athens, there is perhaps the most extensive deposit of 
transported silicified trunks that it is possible to find anywhere. 
Of some thousand specimens that I have examined, all belong to 
the genera Sigillaria and Psaronius. A single specimen which 
is not yet determined has concentric circles, and may belong to 
the genus Araucaria. 
From recent observations, it appears that the genus Sigillaria 
is related to the Isoetes of our time, a water plant. All the 
Psaronit are trunks of ferns and like the other genera quoted 
above, they all belong to the flora of the true coal formations, 
and are found in the shales also. Nevertheless, this does not 
put aside that part of the assertion: that some trees of the sand- 
stone might have been transported from a dry land. It is a 
complicated question which may be examined at another time. 
(Zo be continued.) 
Art. IV.—Some Remarks upon the use of the Microscope, as re- 
cently improved, in the investigation of the minute organization of 
Living Bodies; by H. James Cuark, of Cambridge, Mass. 
[From the Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston, 
Mass., January 26, 1859.] 
I was incited to om: together my thoughts and experiences 
upon this subject, by discovering, hres 
alled 
common White Pine (Pinus , Linn. 
A dot of this kind is usually oe aherg tate by a circle (fig. 1, 
C, d@), in the centre of which is a single or double ring (a, b), which 
has about one third the diameter of the first (d) e outer cir- 
cle (d) is described as the boundary of a lenticular space (A, ¢ 
between two contiguous cells, and the inner double circle (C, a, 2 
as the outskirts of a perforation (A, a4) in the deposit layer (/) 
