WESTERN COUNTIES OF PENNSYLVANIA 65 



directions toward the center. The dip is high, reaching even 45 degrees, 

 and the coal is badly crushed; but the fuel ratio is 1.6. This is the 

 Upper Marshburg coal bed of McKean and adjacent counties, the Sharon 

 of counties along the Ohio line. 



The whole section is present in Allegheny township south from the 

 river, where Mr Randall measured 



Feet 



1. Massive sandstone 30 



2. Shales and thin coal bed 70 



3. Concealed 20 



4. Massive sandstone 65 



5. Conglomerate 10 



6. Shales and thin coal bed 45 to 50 



7. Sandstone 45 to 70 



with an average of about 300 feet for the whole column. It is easy to 

 recognize the Johnson Run, Kinzua, and Olean sandstones with the 

 Alton and Marshburg shales of counties already described. The rapid 

 increase of the Sharon (Olean) sandstone is noteworthy, for the Quaker 

 Hill mines are but 4 or 5 miles away. 



Doctor Chance's section, obtained at a little distance farther east, 

 where the exposures are incomplete, gives the sandstones as 30, 20, and 

 77 feet, the interval from Johnson run (Homewood) to Kinzua being 129 

 feet, with much of the lower portion concealed. Two Alton coal beds 

 are present.* 



Forest county south from Warren shows Potts ville on all of the uplands. 

 Mr Ashburner's carefully measured sections make the relations very 

 clear. In Jenks township he finds 



Feet 



Johnson Run sandstone 70 



Shales and coal beds 10 to 25 



Kinzua sandstone 90 



Shales 10 



Sandstone 100 



with an average of nearly 300 feet. The Kinzua sandstone is double, 

 divided almost midway by 10 feet of shale apparently containing a coal 

 bed at some localities ; so that here are the two Connoquenessing sand- 

 stones and the included Quakertown shales of the Ohio line counties. 

 The Sharon sandstone has increased greatly and some of the layers are 

 conglomerate, but the pebbles are distributed irregularly. Four coal beds 

 of the Alton (Mercer) group were seen, and the Marshburg (Sharon^) 

 bed is shown occasionally in the dark shales overlying the Olean. All 



* J. F. Carll : G<?ology of Warren County (I 4), 1883, pp. 302, 304, 325-330, and 364. 



