NORTHERN AND WESTERN OUTCROr IN OHIO 81 



county. The three coals and both limestones are present in the south- 

 west portion of Tuscarawas, as well as near Zoar, toward the center. The 

 Tionesta alone becomes of workable thickness, yielding a coal remark- 

 ably high in volatile, with a ratio of almost 1, but with so much ash as 

 to make it of little commercial value. The Lower Mercer limestone is 

 persistent, being present in borings on both sides of the county, but the 

 upper limestone is of uncertain occurrence. The Sharon coal bed is 

 persistent, after its fashion, but the Sharon sandstone is conglomerate 

 only on the western side, where its extreme thickness is about 9 feet.* 



In Holmes county, south from Wayne and west from Tuscarawas, the 

 typical section of western Pennsylvania reappears, for Professor Wright 

 gives the following succession : 



Feet 



1. Putnam Hill limestone and coal bed 



2. Sandstone and shale 20 



3. Coal bed [ Tionesta] 



4. Shaly sandstone 20 



5. Upper Mercer limestone 



6. Upper Mercer coal bed . . . . 



7. Shales 30 



8. Lower Mercer limestone, blue 



9. Lower Mercer coal bed 



10. Shales 22 



11. Coal bed '. 



12. Massillon sandstone, upper 38 



13. Quakertown coal bed 



14. Massillon sandstone, lower, and shale 38 



15. Sharon coal bed 



For the most part the Sharon coal bed rests directly on the Lower 

 Carboniferous, the Sharon sandstone being absent ; but Mr Read found 

 that sandstone in the northern townships of this county, where it has 

 an extreme thickness of 18 feet. In the northeastern portion it con- 

 tains broken angular fragments of white and yellow chert, with a pro- 

 fusion of fossils, which Mr Meek recognized as Lower Carboniferous. 

 Small fragments of precisely similar material, according to Mr Read, 

 occur at the Nelson ledges, in northeastern Portage, and at Boston, in 

 northern Summit, mingled at the latter place with large angular and 

 flat rock fragments. In the northern localities these fragments are at 

 the bottom of the great mass. 



The Sharon coal bed is as irregular as in the more northern coun- 

 ties, sometimes reaching 4 feet, but often wanting. The interval to 



* J. S. Newberry: Vol. iii, pp. 56, 58. 

 E. Orton : Vol. v, pp. 67, 76, 259. 



