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section on Paint creek does not extend down to this coal, but Mr Mau- 

 ry's on the same stream shows a very complex structure. In this part 

 of the Kanawha valley the main upper and lower divisions of the 

 Campbells Creek bed are so widely separated that they have received 

 different names, the upper being known as the " Peerless " and the lower 

 as the " Blacksburg," or number 2 gas coal. At Winnifrede junction 

 the two beds are 26 feet apart and at 9 miles above Charleston 20 feet. 

 From this locality northwestward the partings become thinner, until on 

 Campbells creek the Peerless and Blacksburg are mined as one bed, 

 with 1-inch partings. The identity of the section is proved by the per- 

 sistent Campbells Creek limestone above and the Cannelton cement 

 below, which appear in most of the measured sections. The splint layer 

 of the Campbells Creek coal is in the upper bench of the Blacksburg, or 

 lower division. The variations in this bed have been given in detail 

 because they suffice to exhibit the changes shown to a greater or less 

 extent by all the principal coal beds of the Kanawha formation in this 

 region. These variations have been studied by Doctor White during 

 almost twenty years, and his conclusions are shown by a great number 

 of vertical sections to be beyond question. 



The Campbells Creek limestone of I. C. White is persistent in the 

 shales overlying the Campbells Creek coal bed, the interval to the coal 

 bed varying from 10 to almost 50 feet. On Campbells creek, according 

 to Professor Rogers, the shales overlying the coal bed are 40 feet thick, 

 bluish drab in color, and contain what he terms " madreporite," which 

 occurs " in large spheroidal masses, resembling the nodules or septaria 

 of formation VIII. These masses are highly calcareous, constituting in 

 fact a tolerably pure limestone, and generally found within a width of 

 about 10 feet of the slate." He notes the usefulness of this deposit as 

 an aid in tracing the coal bed below. 



At from 50 to 165 feet above the Campbells Creek coal bed is the 

 Cedar Grove, Arno, or Trimble coal bed, not a true splint as are the 

 higher beds in great part, not soft " gas " coal, as are the lower beds of 

 the Kanawha formation. The bed is thin, but it appears to be present 

 in a large area, and its coal is always of admirable quality. The shales 

 associated with it are rich in fossil plants. Two hundred to 300 feet of 

 sandy measures intervene between the Cedar Grove and the Winnifrede. 

 No coal beds of any importance are seen in this interval, and such as do 

 appear are usually insignificant. The Winnifrede coal bed overlying the 

 sandstone mass rises from the Kanawha river at 2J miles above Charles- 

 ton, where it is 18 to 20 inches thick and 150 feet below the Flint; far- 

 ther up the river this interval increases to 225 feet. The bed is impor- 

 tant toward the west and southwest from the river, having been mined 



