164 J. J. STEVENSON CARBONIFEROUS OF APPALACHIAN BASIN 



continuously from Kanawha county into Boone, the next west, where 

 Mr Lyman shows its variations. At Winnifrede it is approximately 5 

 feet thick and consists of alternating layers of splint and gas coal. It 

 is of little value in the upper Kanawha region, but it is present in An- 

 sted's Paint Creek section, and Doctor White recognizes it on the border 

 of Fayette county. 



Above the Winnifrede at a variable distance — 100 feet near the Fayette 

 line, 75 near Lock number 3, 86 opposite Coalburg, and 50 at 12 miles 

 above Charleston — one reaches the Coalburg coal bed, which is at an 

 average distance of 80 or 90 feet below the Flint ; but at times the in- 

 terval is less than half that distance, while in others it approaches 150 

 feet. The bed varies greatly, though not to the same extent as the 

 Campbells Creek bed. At 3i miles above Charleston it is mined as one 

 bed, there being three benches with partings of 2 inches and 2 feet 

 respectively ; but nearer Charleston the benches are separated by 25 to 

 30 feet of shale and sandstone. The partings thicken up the river ; then 

 disappear; once more thicken, but again diminish, so that at Coalburg 

 the bed is important. It is the " Thick bed " of Ansted's Paint Creek 

 section, and Maury, in the same area, assigns to it a thickness of 11 feet. 

 In the three benches at Coalburg, Stevenson thought he saw the three 

 thin beds near the Kanawha salines, but this was a mere hazard which 

 chanced to be true. The bed is characterized by a peculiar bony slate 

 known as "niggerhead." The coal is comparatively good at one locality 

 near the Kanawha-Fayette line, though above that, while retaining its 

 thickness, the bed becomes worthless. The " Stockton," or highest coal 

 bed of the Kanawha, is at 5 to 130 feet above the Coalburg. On the 

 Cannelton Coal Company's property the interval varies from 5 to 10, 26, 

 30, and 75 feet, while 5 miles farther down the Kanawha the interval is 

 from 90 to 130 feet. The Stockton is from 1 to 25 feet below the Black 

 flint. Like the other beds, it shows great variation in structure. It 

 rises from the river bed at a little way above Charleston, whence it has 

 been traced by Doctor White to the eastern outcrop in Gauley moun- 

 tain within Fayette county. It frequently divides into two beds, known 

 as Stockton and " Lewiston, 1 ' the latter, the lower, being the splint or 

 cannel bed. 



The " Kanawha Black flint " is the highest bed of the Kanawha for- 

 mation. Long ago its peculiarities aroused the interest of Professor 

 Rogers. It is from 4 to 12 feet thick and is a marked horizon from its 

 eastern outcrop in Fayette county to where it passes under the river 

 above Charleston. At many localities it, as well as the associated shale, 

 contains an abundance of the familiar Coal Measures invertebrates. It 

 disappears quickly southward and almost as quickly northward, along 



