WEST VIRGINIA i65 



the easterly outcrop, but it is present all along the Elk river into Clay 

 county, where the writer recognized it twenty years ago, and it has 

 been followed by Doctor White along the Elk river and northeastward 

 into Nicholas county, not less than 80 miles by the roads from the 

 Kanawha at Charleston.. 



Overlying the Black flint is a great sandstone 200 or more feet thick, 

 which contains two important coal beds, the " Number 5 block " and the 

 " Mason," which will be considered in another connection. 



The decrease in thickness of the Kanawha and Lower Pottsville in 

 northwesterly direction should be noted. At Armstrong creek, in Fayette 

 county, Doctor White's section gives 1,006 feet for the Kanawha; at 9 

 miles above Charleston, 801 ; at 6 miles above Charleston, 641 ; at Charles- 

 ton, 573; at 1 mile below Charleston, 450. For the Lower Pottsville, 

 Doctor White's Nuttallburg section gives 1,400; a boring at Winnifrede, 

 reported by Mr Campbell, 960 ; one at Burning spring, reported by Doctor 

 White, 839 ; at Charleston, 580.* 



Before considering further the relations of the Kanawha formation, 

 one must carry the section westward across West Virginia from Raleigh 

 county to the Kentucky line and northward to the Chesapeake and Ohio 

 railroad between Charleston and the Ohio river. The exposed column 

 in much of this region extends downward barely to the Nuttall sand- 

 stone, but records of borings are available with which to complete the 

 sections. The typical section for the upper Kanawha is that obtained 

 on Armstrong creek by Doctor White. This was made originally in 

 1884, and published in 1891, but it has been revised and recast recently, 

 without change in the measurements ; it is given here in the completed 

 form with very slight condensation. 



Feet. Inches 



1. Black flint 



2. Interval 12 



3. Coal bed. 3 



4. Sandstone and concealed. . 345 



5. Silicious limestone 1 



6. Sandstone 25 



* References for the Kanawha valley are : 



W. B. Rogers : Report Geo!. Survey of Virginia for 1839, pp. 127, 128, 129, 132, 133, 135. 



D. F. Ansted : Report on the " Wilson Survey" near Great Kanawha river, Virginia, 1855. 



T. S. Riugway : Geological report on Chesapeake and Ohio railroad, 1872. 



J. J. Stevenson : Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist., vol. x, 1873, pp. 273, 276. 



W. M. Fontaine : The Great Conglomerate on New river, p. 462. The Conglomerate Series of 

 West Virginia, p. 279. 



I. C White : Catalogue of West Virginia University, 1885, pp. 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78. U. S. 

 Geol. Survey, Bull. no. 65, 1891, pp. 135, 138, 139, 140, 141, 162, 167, 170, 172, 195, 196, 197. West Vir- 

 ginia Geol. Survey, vol. ii, 1903, pp. 372, 509, 565, 567, 586, 593. 



M. R. Campbell : U. S. Geol. Survey folio, Charleston, 1901. 



XXII— Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. 15, 1903 



