228 A. W. G. WIXSON — -TRENT RIVER SYSTEM 



scarp to be about 150 feet above the lake, and below about 20 feet of 

 drift. To the southeast of the lake between Bridgenortli and Peterboro 

 there are heavy morainic accumulations in the form of drumlins, and no 

 rock exposures are known to the writer until the valley of the Trent 

 river, referred to below, is reached. The Deer Lake-Chemung depression 

 continues to the southwest beyond the foot of Chemung lake for a con- 

 siderable distance and its course is marked by a northwest flowing 

 stream. 



Stony lake, which lies on the Archean lowland in front of the cuesta, 

 is the most picturesque of all the lakes of the system. The partly sub- 

 merged roche moutonnee surface of the Archean has given rise to numer- 

 ous small and rocky islands, for the most part covered with a limited 

 growth of coniferous or deciduous trees. To the south of the lake the 

 Black River cuesta, rising about 150 feet above it, forms a steep escarp- 

 ment. About the middle of the south side of the lake the escarpment 

 is broken through by the upper end of one of the valleys of the first 

 type. The flooded upper portion of this valle}^ forms Clear lake, on the 

 same level as Stony lake. This valley with well marked rock scarps 

 continues to near the village of Lakefield, Katchewanaka lake above 

 Lakefield being but an expansion of the river in a broader, flatter por- 

 tion of the valley. Near Lakefield the river is turned from the valley 

 by drift deposits, and runs in a nearly straight course, in a channel 

 which it has incised in the drift deposits and in part into the bed-rock 

 underneath, to some distance below the city of Peterboro. The whole 

 course from Lakefield to Peterboro, 9 miles, is marked by a succession 

 of rapids. The river is here flowing over one of the typical intervalley 

 upland areas. From Katchewanaka to Rice lake this section of the 

 river is called the Otonabee river. The last noted exposure of limestone 

 occurs in the river bed about 2 miles below Peterboro. From Peterboro 

 to Rice lake, 21 miles by the river, the channel is cut in drift deposits 

 and is graded. At 12 miles below the city it turns abruptly northeast 

 and runs in this direction for about 5 miles, rounding the northeast end 

 of a very large drumlin, when it again turns southwest and follows a 

 straight course to Rice lake. 



Rice lake is a long, narrow lake with a maximum depth of about 25 

 feet, a length of 21 miles, and a maximum breadth of 3 miles. Along 

 the whole length of its southeast shore extends a high ridge, in places 

 rising about 600 feet above the lake. At the eastern end, near Hastings, 

 and extending northeast from here to the next sharp turn in the river's 

 course, the under part of this ridge is made of Trenton limestone. The 

 greater portion of the ridge west of Hastings is buried under an immense 

 morainic deposit of drift, which in places probably exceeds 300 feet in 



