234 A. W. G. WILSON — TRENT RIVER SYSTEM 



canyon in an Archean spur which crossed its path, and joins the bay 

 near Kingston. 



The north shore of the bay west of Kingston as far as the Long reach is 

 throughout its course a gently graded rock slope, in marked contrast to 

 the cliff front of the cuesta on the south side. Several minor streams? 

 all in rock valleys of the second t} 7 pe, enter the bay between the Long 

 reach and Collins bay. 



Saint Lawrence section. — The American outlet channel of the Saint Law- 

 rence river is also one of these submerged valleys. The south shore in 

 its present attitude is bordered by a more or less graded scarp. Near 

 Clayton a small stream flowing in a valley of the second type enters it 

 from the southwest. The head of the valley is located in the narrow 

 channel between the Archean ridge which forms Wells island and the 

 main shore to the south. The north side of the American channel is 

 less abrupt than the south. Along the eastern portion of Long island 

 it is bordered by a low cliff scarp. From the crest of this scarp the rock 

 rises inland with a gentle graded slope to an elevation of probably 50 feet 

 above water-level, with somewhat higher points in several places. 



The cross-channel between Howe island and the mainland to the east, 

 joining the Bateau channel with the main river, is connected with a 

 series of Archean valleys north of Grindstone and Wells islands. The 

 north shore of the same channel north of Grindstone island is also 

 Archean rock. The south shore of Howe island is obviously a partly 

 submerged rock bluff, such as borders all the valleys. The north shore 

 of Long island opposite is also bed-rock. It is quite probable that the 

 channel between the two islands marks the valley of a stream confluent 

 with that which carved the Bateau channel, and that the rather broadly 

 open valley from the west end of Howe island to the Lower gap was the 

 work of the two streams. 



FAULT THEORY OF ORIGIN OF BAY OF QUINTE DEPRESSION 



The very remarkable zigzag course that is taken by Trent river in its 

 upper part, and the no less remarkable course of the bay of Quinte, 

 would naturally suggest that these topographic features were due to 

 extensive faulting, and that the escarpments were the edges of uplifted 

 blocks. The writer made a careful search for indications of fault move- 

 ment in the field, but was unable to find evidences ol any such movement. 

 On the contrary, it was found in every case, without exception, that the 

 differences between the opposite sides of any of the complex of valleys 

 was invariably such as could readily be explained by the relative 

 attitudes of the plane of slope of the valley and the plane of dip of the 



