SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 241 



pre Glacial valley. The new channel almost always follows a direction 

 consequent on the present attitude of the upland surface. This is strik- 

 ingly shown in the long section of rapids between Lakefield and Peter- 

 boro (9 miles), in the section of rapids below Campbellford (5 miles), 

 and in the section above Trenton (7 miles). A similar feature is shown 

 by the Moira between Foxboro and Belleville. 



In its course from the divide in central Haliburton to the bay of 

 Quinte, the Trent passes through parts of 9 of these pre-Glacial valleys, 

 and there are several others indirectly associated with it (plate 10). It 

 should also be mentioned that there are several more of these valleys 

 developed to the west of the Trent system, whose descriptions have been 

 omitted from the present discussion. In every case there is sufficient 

 rock exposed along the valley sides to show that their upper parts are 

 carved in the rock. In many cases rock exposures are found along both 

 sides of the valley throughout its length. In some cases, as in the 

 Scugog valley, and in that of the western part of Rice lake, the existence 

 of bed-rock directly associated with all parts of the valley is unproven ; 

 it is found associated with the northeast end of each valley, however. 

 But even here the nature of the slopes of the valley sides and the fact 

 that they are uniformly continuous with the part where the rock does 

 occur make it extremely probable that it is not far below the surface, 

 even where the existence of rock sides has not yet been proved. Again, 

 it would be extremely improbable that without the existence of some 

 such predisposing cause, the drift deposits would always happen to have 

 been deposited in such a systematic position with reference to the rock- 

 sided upper portion of the valley as to always extend it in an appro- 

 priate direction and with accordant grades. 



The southwest extensions of all these valleys, north and west of 

 Trenton, are blocked by the heavy morainic deposits of Central Ontario. 

 The result is that in their present attitude their lowest parts form the 

 basins of an extensive chain of small lakes. The new channels of the 

 Trent river mark merely the lowest edges of the rims of each of these 

 basins, the river spilling over this rim to the next adjacent valfey at a 

 little lower level. 



The portion of the Trent system at lake-level, the bay of Quinte, is 

 seen to consist of a complex of at least 7 of these ancient valleys, partly 

 submerged, so that the details of the adjustments and interrelations be- 

 tween the various members can not always be satisfactorily determined. 

 The unsubmerged parts of the bay of Quinte system of valleys are all 

 occupied by streams tributary to the bay. In Prince Edward county a 

 similar system of rock-sided valleys has been developed with minor 

 north-facing cuestas, only in part associated with the Trent system. 



In New York also it is found that valleys similar in every respect to 



