356 A. P. COLEMAN — IROQUOIS BEACH IN ONTARIO 



To the north of this island for several miles no land stands high 

 enough to receive the beaches, nor is there any hill high enough for this 

 to the east, so far as can be seen. Near Frankford, to the southeast, a 

 small island displays four beaches, the highest 47 feet above the lowest. 



The most interesting islands, however, are two on the east side of 

 Trent river — one between Frankford and Stirling and the other near 

 West Huntingdon. The first is 6 miles long and runs northeast as a 

 central ridge bordered by a terrace. About the middle of the island but 

 on the northwest side is Oak Hill lake, a bay of lake Iroquois cut off by 

 a massive gravel bar and without an apparent outlet. It is said to be 

 43 feet deep and to have contained only minnows before it was artifi- 

 cially stocked with fish. This curious and beautiful lake stands as an 

 authentic remnant of the Iroquois water now 435 feet above lake Onta- 

 rio. By hand level it was shown that a boulder pavement exists at 398 

 feet and gravel bars at 414, 430, and 466 feet, the last being the very 

 well defined bar which incloses Oak Hill lake toward the northwest. 



Three miles northeast, at the end of the island, is a small pond in- 

 closed in the same way, and near by to the north beaches stand at 450, 

 460, and 475 feet as leveled from Madoc junction, indicating a consider- 

 able rise per mile, which, however, will be discussed later. 



The last island can be seen 5 or 6 miles to the northeast, a little be- 

 yond West Huntingdon station and just southeast of mile 19 on the 

 railway to Madoc. Here gravel beaches were leveled at 440, 492, and 

 498 feet above Ontario, the last forming the summit of the island, which 

 must have been under water at the highest stage of lake Iroquois. The 

 level of 498 feet is the highest above lake Ontario recorded in the prov- 

 ince, and this small island is about 140 miles in a direction 57 degrees 

 east of north from Hamilton, at the southwest end of the old lake, where 

 the single beach is only 116 feet above Ontario. 



It should be mentioned that the levelings in connection with the 

 islands referred to above are probably only approximately accurate, 

 since the hand level was used, and the distance from points of known 

 elevation was occasionally 2 or 3 miles ; but the differences in level be- 

 tween the beaches at any given place were reasonably correct and the 

 elevations given can not be far wrong. 



Region North of Trent River 



While the island north of Campbellford displays splendid gravel 

 beaches, evidently formed under powerful wave action from the east, 

 the opposite hills to the north of Trent river, near Havelock, have not 

 disclosed any well marked beaches whatever after numerous visits to 

 promising hills, often of glacial drift, well adapted to record a beach. 



