VALLEY-SIDE MORAINES 457 



the south and west sides, fitting into an offset in the valley wall like a 

 shelf in the corner of a room. This shelf supports at a height 400 feet 

 above the valley bottom deposits which present a morainic topography 

 of a pronounced type. The material is largely sand and gravel with 

 many crystalline boulders up to 5 or 6 feet in diameter. Mounds and 

 sags of 40 feet relief and patches completely pitted with kettles (figure 2, 

 plate 40) mark a well developed moraine which is continuous on the east 

 with the outwash plain of West hollow. It was evidently the product 

 of two distinct ice-streams which united at the south end of High Point. 

 A small but perfect delta on Barker's farm, at the north end of the 

 moraine, testifies to the existence of a temporary marginal lake. The 

 moraine or " bench " is popularly known as "Hickory bottom," but I 

 propose to call it the High Point moraine. 



A similar terrace extends along the east side of Canadice-Hemlock 

 valley for about 8 miles. At the north end, opposite the foot of Cana- 

 dice lake, its elevation is about 1,500 feet, but it descends southward to 

 1,400 feet at the point where it joins the Hemlock valley-head moraine 

 on a level with its summit. This slope may represent the dip of the 

 strata. The width of the terrace is mostly a fourth of a mile, widening 

 occasionally to a half mile, and at a few points disappearing altogether. 

 It bears upon its surface a series of drift mounds, which mark the line of 

 a fragmentary lateral moraine, 400-600 feet above the valley floor. Op- 

 posite the head of Canadice valley, where Nortons gull cuts across the 

 terrace, a fine delta registers the height of glacial waters. Its upper level 

 between 1,440 and 1,480 feet is a triangular area one-fourth of a mile on 

 a side. Its margin on the north and west rises smoothly and steeply 60 

 feet (figure 1, plate 41). An especially interesting feature is the fact that 

 at its apex an area of about 10 acres is completely pitted by a score or 

 more of compound kettles, varying in depth from a few feet to 30 feet or 

 more (figure 2, plate 41). On no other delta thus far reported is the 

 presence of many stranded ice blocks so clearly shown. Nortons gull 

 delta was built by a stream flowing from the land into a lake held be- 

 tween the valley slope and the margin of the ice lobe, and so near the 

 latter that detached blocks of ice were incorporated in it during deposi- 

 tion. It is not a morainal or frontal terrace, but forms a distinct fluvio- 

 glacial species for which the name morainal delta seems appropriate. 



Glacial Lakes 



During the retreat of the ice the valleys of this region were occupied 

 by temporary ice-dammed lakes with outlets to the south, the history 

 of which has been outlined by Fairchild,* but not exhaustively studied. 



* Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 6, p. 353 ; vol. 10, p. 35. 

 LVIIi— Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. 15, 1903 



