14 THE CABINET OF NATURAL HISTORY, 
The caruncle on the forehead is short, and incapable of 
elongation; and the fasciculus on the breast is not always 
present. The prevailing tinge of the plumage is dusky 
gray; each feather having a metallic band, less brilliant 
than that.of the male, then a blackish band, and a grayish 
erminal fringe. On the feathers of the neck and under 
surface the black band is for the most part obliterated. 
All the parts, without exception, are duller than those of 
the male; less white exists on the primary wing-feathers, 
and the secondaries are entirely destitute of bands. The 
tail is similar in colour to that of the male. 
<¢ Until the naked membrane acquires its tinge of red, 
it is not easy to distinguish between the two sexes; but on 
the approach of the first winter, the young males show a 
rudiment of the tuft of hairs upon the breast, consisting at 
first of a mere tubercle; in the second year the tuft is 
about three inches long; and in the third the bird attains 
its adult form, although it certainly continues to increase 
in size and beauty for several years. Females have their 
full size and colouring at the end of four years; they then 
possess the pectoral fascicle, four or five inches in length, 
but much thinner than in the male. This appendage is 
more frequently observed, and is acquired at an earlier pe- 
riod of life, in the wild than in the domestic female.”’ 
The following important features of the history of the 
Turkey, are selected from the account furnished by Mr. 
AvupuBon, who it appears has studied the habits, and 
written more largely, of that bird than any other natural 
historian. 
«¢ About the middle of April, when the season is dry, 
the hens begin to look out for a place in which to deposit 
their eggs. This place requires to be as muchas possible 
concealed from the eye of the Crow, as that bird often 
watches the Turkey when going to her nest, and, waiting 
in the neighbourhood until she has left it, removes 
and eats the eggs. The nest, which consists of a few 
withered leaves, is placed on the ground, in a hollow 
scooped out, by the side of a log, or in the fallen top 
of a dry leafy tree, under a thicket of sumach or briars, 
or a few feet within the edge of a cane-brake, but always 
ina dry place. The eggs, which are of a dull cream co- 
lour, sprinkled with red dots, sometimes amount to twenty, 
although the more usual number is from ten to fifteen. 
When depositing her eggs the female always approaches 
the nest with extreme caution, scarcely ever taking the 
same course twice, and when about to leave them, covers 
them carefully with leaves, so that is very difficult for a 
person who may have seen the bird to discover the nest. 
Indeed few Turkeys’ nests are found, unless the female has 
been suddenly started from them, or a cunning lynx, 
fox, or crow, has sucked the eggs, and left their shells scat- 
tered about. 
“‘ Turkey hens not unfrequently prefer islands for de- 
positing their eggs and rearing their young, probably be- 
cause such places are less frequented by hunters, and 
because the great masses of drifted timber which usually 
accumulate at their heads, may protect and save them in 
cases of great emergency. 
«¢ When an enemy passes within sight of a female, while 
lying or sitting, she never moves, unless she knows that 
she has been discovered, but crouches lower until he has 
passed. I have frequently approached within five or six 
paces of a nest, of which I was previously aware, on as- 
suming an air of carelessness, and whistling or talking to 
myself, the female remaining undisturbed; whereas if I 
went cautiously towards it, she would never suffer me to 
approach within twenty paces, but would run off, with her 
tail spread on one side, to a distance of twenty or thirty 
yards, when assuming a stately gait, she would walk about 
deliberately, uttering every now and then a cluck. They 
seldom abandon their nest, when it has been discovered 
by men; but, I believe, never go near it again, when a 
snake or other animal has sucked any of the eggs. If the 
eggs have been destroyed or carried off, the female soon 
yelps again for a male; but, in general, she rears only a 
single brood each season. Several hens sometimes asso- 
ciate together, I believe for their mutual safety, deposit 
their eggs in the same nest, and rear their broods together. 
I once found three sitting on forty-two eggs. In such 
eases, the common nest is always watched by one of the 
females, so that no crow, rayen, or perhaps even pole-cat, 
dares approach it. 
‘¢ The mother will not leave her eggs, when near hatch- 
ing, under any circumstances, while life remains. She 
will even allow an enclosure to be made around her, and 
thus suffer imprisonment, rather than abandon them. I 
once witnessed the hatching of a brood of Turkeys, which 
I watched for the purpose of securing them, together with 
the parent. I concealed myself on the ground within a 
very few feet, and saw her raise herself half the length of 
her legs, look anxiously upon the eggs, and cluck with a 
sound peculiar to the mother on such occasions, carefully 
remove each half-empty shell, and with her bill caress 
and dry the young birds, that already stood tottering and 
attempting to make their way out of the nest. Yes, I 
have seen this, and have left mother and young to better 
care than mine could have proved;—to the care of their 
Creator and mine. I have seen them all emerge from the 
shell, and in a few moments after, tumble, roll, and push 
each other forward, with astonishing and inscrutable in- 
stinct. 
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