38 THE CABINET OF NATURAL HISTORY, 
thrown out of his shell on the ground, where they seemed 
to lie paralized; or at another time, with his shell inclined 
against the walls of his chamber. Though I do not wish 
to abate any thing from the natural talents of my favourite, 
I cannot assign this inclination of his shell, in hours of 
repose, to the same cause as that ascribed by the Rey. Mr. 
White to his domesticated tortoise; he observes on this 
subject ‘¢ that though he has never read that planes inclin- 
ed to the horizon received a greater share of warmth from 
an autumnal sun, he inclines his shell, by tilting it against 
the walls, to collect and admit every feeble ray.’’? I found 
that my animal chose this position oftener in the shade 
than in the sunshine, and I concluded that this was done 
to relieve the pressure from the under shell, his whole 
weight being then supported by the wall, and the ground, 
which acted like the abutments of an arch, of which his 
upper shell was the curvature. 
He often betrayed a very considerable share of sagacity. 
After making many fruitless efforts to seale the walls of his 
prison, I detected him more than once endeavouring to 
make his escape by undermining the foundation. Mr. 
White observes, that his animal quickly recognized those 
persons who bestowed upon it kind attentions, and that 
as soon asthe good old lady came in sight, who had wait- 
ed on it for more than thirty years, it hobbled towards 
her with awkward velocity; some such expression of gra- 
titude and recognition I more than once noticed in my 
little friend. Mr. T. R. Peale, who has kept a number 
of the Z. clausa in his garden, informs me, that when- 
ever the plate on which their food was brought to them 
was seraped with a knife, they would all scamper to the 
usual spot, like so many chickens. One good quality 
in my old tortoise I must not forget to notice; he would 
not, on any occasion, be ruffled in his temper, but always 
preserved an unvarying equanimity; still, however, he 
maintained a superiority over one I procured for his 
companion in captivity. I once, however, saw him de- 
liberately take a piece of meat out of the mouth of the 
other, who submitted to his loss with tacit acquiescence. 
It has been said, that the males of this species have fre- 
guent contests, butting against each other with such force, 
as to be heard at a considerable distance; but as my animals 
were not of a quarrelsome temper, I never witnessed any 
such exhibitions. 
In the early part of October, he seemed to prepare him- 
self for his long winter’s sleep—he would eat nothing, 
and I often noticed him descending into the little sub- 
terraneous excavation I had prepared for him for this pur- 
pose. I now weighed him with great accuracy. The 
length of his shell was nearly six inches, and the breadth 
just half the length ; these proportions, I suppose, gene- 
rally prevail, as I found them the same in several instances. 
His weight was just one pound. From the observations 
of Dr. George Ent, made, during a series of years, on the 
weight of a land tortoise, at the time of his retiring un- 
der ground in the autumn, compared with its weight on its 
re-appearance in the spring—the animal was found to 
lose not more than about a drachm in the pound; my ob- 
servations have confirmed this statement. Very shortly 
after losing his appetite, my amusing friend finally bu- 
ried himself in his cavern, and in that situation remained 
undisturbed, passing the cold winter months in one of the 
most profound of all slumbers, till a genial vernal sun 
‘*awoke his torpid life.” 
I cannot close the history of my domestic tortoise with- 
out recording his melancholy fate. The early part of the last 
winter of his life was remarkably wet, so that the cavern 
in which he reposed during the cold weather, became, as 
I afterwards discovered, completely filled with water, 
During some fine sunny weather in the latter part of the 
succeeding April, I anxiously expected his re-appearance 
from his protracted slumber, as usual—but I waited for 
him in vain. One day of disappointment was succeeded 
by another, and I became at last so anxious and impatient 
that I dug into his cave, and, to my surprise, found it filled 
with a solid block of ice, in the centre of which my poor 
testudo clausa lay perfectly frozen up, like an insect in 
amass of amber. I carefully broke away, with a hatchet, 
the ice in which he was encrusted. This operation was 
somewhat difficult, as his feet and legs were not with- 
drawn beneath his shell. I then placed him in a cold 
water bath, and in a few minutesI had the pleasure to ob- 
serve that he manifested symptoms of returning life. Ina 
few minutes more he exhibited vigorous activity, and 
walked abroad in the sunshine, with all the bouyancy of 
former days. The weather suddenly changing to intense 
cold, in the course of the afternoon, I brought my rescued 
pet into the house, and kept him for some weeks in my 
study; but I could not tempt him to taste the most deli- 
cate morsel, and after yawning and dragging through the 
room at intervals, he at last died about the first of June. 
That the life of the tortoise considerably exceeds the 
period of a century, many well-attested examples might 
be produced, and, as observations of this kind have been 
made on the animal, when in a state of captivity, we may 
reasonably conclude, that, if at liberty, he would reach a 
still greater age. Major Le Conte justly remarks, that the 
testudo clausa ‘has been cited as an example of longevity 
among animals of the lower classes; but the finding of an 
individual witha name and date engraved on its sternum, 
proves nothing—the idle and the foolish are fond of in- 
scribing their names every where, and may as well ante- 
a 
