50 



THE CABINET OF NATURAL HISTORY 



serve as much as possible the position of the different cli- 

 mates in which each variety is found. As has already been 

 mentioned, the shepherd's Dog is assumed as the starting 

 point. This variety, when transported into cold regions, 

 becomes ugly and small; though in Russia he still main- 

 tains his distinctive characters; in temperate climates, and 

 among perfectly civilised nations, he loses his savage air, 

 his erect ears, his rude long hair, and assumes the form of 

 the mastiff, bull dog, or hound, which latter is the most dis- 

 tant remove from the original stock. The hound, setter, 

 and terrier, are of the same race, according to Buffon, and 

 he states, that the same birth has produced all these varie- 

 ties. If the hound be transported to Spain or Barbary, it 

 will become either a spaniel or water Dog. The Irish grey- 

 liound, when taken to the north, is converted into the great 

 Danish Dog; and when transported to the south, becomes 

 the common greyhound. But it would be useless to pur- 

 sue the opinions of this beautiful but theoretical writer, to 

 a greater length, particularly as it is by no means proved 

 that the original stock was identical with the shepherd's 

 Dog. 



Pennant has also given an arrangement of these animals, 

 which is tolerably correct, though it is still deficient in 

 many particulars. The best which has been presented to 

 the world, is that of F. Cuvier, who has paid much atten- 

 tion to this intricate subject ; this classification, which dif- 

 fers much from that of Buffon, has also been adopted by 

 Desmarest, and is as follows. He first divides them into 

 three groups; Matins, Spaniels, and Dogues. 



I. Matins, or those Dogs having more or less elongated 

 head, the parietal bones approaching each other, and the 

 condyles of the lower jaw placed in a horizontal line with 

 the upper jaw teeth. 



Var. A. New Holland Dog. C. f. Jiustralasia. Desm. 

 Dingo. Shaw. Inhabits New Holland. 



B. French Matin. C. f. laniarius. 'Luis. Matin, 



Buffon. France. 



C. Danish Dog. C. f. Daniciis. Desm. Grand 



Danois. Buffon. 



D. Grey hound. C. grains. Linn. Levrier, Buf- 



fon. This variety is still further subdivided. 



a. Irish grey hound. 



b. Scotch grey hound. 



c. Russian grey hound. 



d. Italian grey hound. 



e. Turkish grey hound. 



In this group may also be placed the Mbanian Dog. 



II. Spaniels, or Dogs having the head very moderately 

 elongated, the parietal bones do not approach each other 

 above the temples, but diverge and swell out so as to en- 

 large the forehead and cerebral cavity. 



Var. E. Spaniel. C. f. extrarius. Linn. This also, is 

 divided into many subvarieties. 



a. Small spaniel. Le petit epagneul. Buffon. 



b. King Charles's spaniel. C. brevipilis. Linn. 



Le Gredin. Buffon. 



c. Le Pyrame. Buffon. We have no Eng- 



lish name for this Dog. 



d. Maltese Dog. C. melitaus. Bichon. Buff. 



e. Lion Dog. C leoninus. Linn. 



f. Calabrian Dog. This variety is originally 



from Spain, hence its English name. 



F. Water spaniel. C. aquaticus. Linn. Grand 



barbet. Buffon. 



a. Small water spaniel. Petit barbet. Buffon. 



b. Le Griffon. The intelligence of these Dogs 



appears to be more susceptible of develop- 

 ment than in any of the other varieties. 



G. Hound. C. f. galliciis. Linn. Chien cou- 



rant. Buffon. 

 H. Pointer. C. avicularius. Linn. Braque. 



Buffon. 

 a. Dalmatian pointer. Braque de Bengal. 



Buffon. 

 I. Turnspit. C. f. vertagus. Linn. Basset a 



jambes droites. Buffon. 



a. Crooked legged turnspit. Basset a jambes 



torses. Buffon. 



b. Chien Burgos. Buffon. 



K. Shepherd's Dog. C. f. Bomesticus. Linn. 

 L. Wolf Dog. C. pomeranus. Linn. 

 M. Siberian Dog. C. sibiricus. Linn. 

 N. Esquimaux Dog. C. f. borealis. Desm. 

 0. The Alco. C. f. americanus. Linn. To this 

 group should also be added, the Alpine spa- 

 niel, the Newfoundland Dog, the setter, and 

 the terrier. 

 III. DoGUEs, or Dogs having the muzzle more or less 

 shortened, the skull high; the frontal sinuses large; the 

 condyle of the lower jaw extending above the line of the 

 upper jaw teeth. The cranium is smaller than in the two 

 preceding groups. 



Var. P. Bull Dog. C.f. molossus. Linn. 



a. Thibet Dog. 



Q. Mastiff. C. f. anglicus. Linn. 



R. Pug Dog. C.f.fricator.L,mi>i. Le doguin. 



Buffon. 

 S. Iceland Dog. C. f. islandicus. Linn. 

 T. Small Danish Dog. C. f. variegatus. Linn. 

 U. Bastard Pug. C. f. hybridtis. Linn. Le 



roquet. Buffon. 

 V. English Dog. C.f. britannicus. Desm. 



