204 



THE CABINET OF NATURAL HISTORY 



CC — The LESSEE COVERTS of the vfrsc.s,\tectrices primse, 

 Lin.] small feathers that lie in several rows on the bones 

 of the wings. The under coverts are those that line the 

 inside of the wings. 



DD — The greater coverts, [tectrices secimdx, Lin.] 

 the feathers that lie immediately over the quill feathers and 

 the secondaries. 



GG — The PRIMARIES, or primary quills, [primores, 

 Lin.] the largest feathers of the wings: they rise from the 

 first bone. 



EE — The secondaries, or secondary quills, [secon- 

 darix, Lin.] those that rise from the second bone. 



HH — The tertials. These also take their rise from the 

 second bone, at the elbow joint, forming a continuation of 

 the secondaries, and seem to do the same with the scapu- 

 lars, which lie over them. These feathers are so long in 

 some of the Scolojjcix and Tringa genera, that when the 

 bird is flying, they give it the appearance of having four 

 wings. 



SS — The SCAPULARS, or scapular feathers, take their 

 rise from the shoulders, and cover the sides of the back. 



P — Coverts of the tail, \iiropygiinn, Lin.] These fea- 

 thers cover it on the upper side, at the base. 



V — The VENT feathers, \crissum, Lin.] those that lie 

 from the vent, or anus, to the tail underneath. 



Iris, (plural irides) the part which surrounds the pupil 

 of the eye. 



Mandibles, — the upper and under parts of the bill. 



Compressed, — flatted at the sides vertically. 



Depressed, — flatted horizontally. 



CuNEATED, — wedge-shaped. 



The CERE, \cera, Lin.] the naked skin which covers the 

 base of the bill, as in the Hawk kind. 



The orbits, \orhitu, Lin.] the skin which surrounds the 

 eye. It is generally bare, but particularly in the Parrot and 

 the Heron. 



When the bill is notched near the tip, as in Shrikes, 

 Thrushes, &c. it is called by Linnaeus rostrum emargina- 

 lum. 



Vibrissse, (Lin.) are hairs that stand forward like feel- 

 ers: in some birds they are slender, as in Flycatchers, &c. 

 and point both upwards and downwards, from both the up- 

 per and under sides of the mouth. 



Capistrum, — a word used by Linnaeus to express the 

 short feathers on the forehead, just above the bill. In 

 some birds these feathers fall forward over the nostrils: 

 they quite cover those of the Crow. 



Rostrum cultrutum, (Lin.) when the edges of the bill 

 are very sharp, as in that of the Crow. 



Vibrissa; pectinatse, (Lin.) as in the Whip-poor-will. 



These hnirs in this bird are very stiff, and spread out on 

 each side like a comb from the upper sides of the mouth 

 only. 



Serrated like a saw. Pectinated signifies toothed like 

 a comb. 



The Lore, [toru?n, Lin.] as in the Grebe, the space be- 

 tween the bill and the eye, which in this genus is bare, but 

 in other birds is generally covered with feathers. 



Fin-footed and scalloped, [pinnatus, Lin.] as in the 

 feet of Coots. 



Pes lobatus, (Lin.) Toes furnished on the sides with 

 broad plain membranes, as in the feet of the Grebe. 



Web-footed, — where the toes are connected by webs, 

 as in Ducks. 



Semi-palmated, [semi-palmaius, Linnseus,] when the 

 middle of the webs reach only about half the length of the 

 toes. 



Ciliated, [li7igiiia siliata, Lin.] when the tongue is 

 edged with fine bristles, as in Ducks. 



Nostrils linear, — when they are extended lengthwise 

 in a line with the bill, as in Divers, &c. 



Nostrils pervious, — when they are open, and may be 

 seen through from side to side, as in Gulls, &c. 



Bewick. 



WHIRLWINDS AND WATERSPOUTS. 



The following table shows the velocities of the difierent 

 winds, from one mile in an hour, when the motion is 

 scarcely perceptible, to one hundred miles, which is the 

 speed of the destructive hurricane. 



Miles Feet 



per hour. per second. 



1 1.47 



2 2.93? T • v,^ • 



f- Light airs. 

 3 4.405 * 



4 5.87? T, 



V- Isreeze. 

 5 7.33 5 



■ > Brisk a;ale. 



15 22.005 ° 



20 29.34? „ , , 



^Jreshgale. 



25 36.673 ^ 



30 44.01? c, , 



35 5L34r'™"SSale. 



40 58.SS? „ J , 



45 66.0l5^^'"'^§'''- 



50 73.35? „, 



> Storm. 

 60 88.02 3 



g 117 36? ^"'""*=''"^® tearing up frees, over- 



, „ lafi 7n ( turning buildings, and almost every 



J other obstacle. 



