FAM. PIPRIDAE 3 
11. Wing considerably less than 60 mm. Rump, tail and under parts deep ochreous- 
cinnamon. With a half-concealed vertical spot of yellow or cinnamon . . . 14. Genus NeEopipo. 
— Wang always more than 60mm. No cinnamomeous colour whatever in the plumage. . . . . . . . . 12. 
12. Tail square. General plumage of males black with a long ved occipital crest. T arsus 
strong . . CD eee aac 6. Genus CERATOPIPRA. 
— Tfatl square. No occtfital crest. Tarsus short and slender 4. Genus CHLOROPIPO. 
= hailistronoty rounded’ oo ee ig Garin) PipeinEs: 
13. Upper half of tarsus feathered. Bill much expanded at the base, broader than 
Dicer er Seite Gein sa eS Ot ee eT a Gem SESAD AO ae 
— Upper half of tarsus not feathered. Bull much narrower and move compressed. . . . . . . . . . Td. 
14. Lazl strongly graduated, the outer rectrices being much shortened, narrowed and 
pomted. Noviutal bristles . . . . . . . .. =. =. ~. . « . 20, Genus HETEROCERCUS. 
——eliatlishehtlysemarcinate sD istincty ictal oxestles tn). en en nO 
DE GIO CUM Be 8 6 8 6 @ 0 oF 6) 6 6 61g o 5 o o « 155 Gonns Sornmnomvic, 
Se HN CRETLEY UL GOLOUT AOU ECN pe eS Ts pa ty ey Sen Se a cy a ene ae Pe ee a er eT 
16. Under tail coveris very long, covering more than two-thirds of the length of the tail. 
Fourth remex im the male attenuated . . . . . . . . =. ~. . +. 19. Genus Lannsoma. 
— Under tail coverts much shorter, less than half the length of the tail. Fourth rvemex 
URNA ETT OTON, se a Be EN ale RL Ge SG ey a Ge oy al AG 
Dig oiliMloncens harsusiandnpect strolls 9) 2-4 2 eon Genus Scomomonus: 
= [bil Shino, Warsi Ci) yas ds ll lt , Gonns Ninopain. 
ie GENUS PIPRA LINN4uUS 
Pipra Linneus, Mus. Adolph Frid. Vol. 2, Prodr. p. 32 (1764) (type by elimination : Parus aurcola 
Linneus); cfr Hellmayr, The Ibis, 1906, p. 1-46. 
Synonyms : Dixiphia Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat. tab. 63 (1850) (type : P. leucocilla). — Lepidothrix 
Bonaparte, Consp. Volucr. Anisod. p. 6 (Sep. ex Ateneo Italiano n° 11, August 1854; species : 
L. cyaneocapilla, L. tsidoyit). — Dasyncetopa, Bonaparte, ibidem, p. 6 (type : D. serena). — Tyran- 
neutes Sclater & Salvin, The Ibis, 1881, p. 269 (type : T. brachyurus). 
Characters. Thisis arather numerous group ofsmall birds the males of which have always 
some bright colour in the plumage. In structure, the various species are fairly uniform, the most 
aberrant members being Pipra virescens and P. stolzmanni with relatively long wings and short 
tails. The bill is relatively strong, broad at the base; the culmen curved and with a more 
or less distinct notch near the tip of the upper mandible. In P. awreola and allies it is decidedly 
ridged, in the majority of the other species slightly rounded. Nostrils oval and open. Rictal 
bristles numerous, though rather soft. In the wing, the third and fourth primaries are the longest, 
the first is equal to or slightly shorter than the sixth. Tail short, about one-half of the lenght of 
the wing, and almosts quare, the central rectrices being very slightly shorter than the remaining 
ones. Exceptions are P. virescens in which the outermost rectrix is extremely short and narrow 
with the shaft thickened and stiff, and P. chloromeros in which the tail is strongly rounded, the 
outer rectrices being decidedly shorter than the inner ones. Tarsus short, the outer toe united 
to the inner one for the two basal phalange. 
Sexes dissimilar, except in P. virescens and P. stolzmanni. 
