FAM. PIPRIDZ® BS 
1. Schiffornis major Des Murs. 
Schiffornis major (Bonaparte M.S.) Des Murs in; Voyage Castelnau, Oiseaux, livr. 18, p. 66, t. 18, f. 2 (1856) 
(Sarayacu, Pérou). 
Heteropelma rufum Pelzeln, Zur Ornith. Brasil. Abt. 2, p. 124, 185 (1868) (Rio Amajat and Borba on the Rio 
Madeira). 
Hab. The same as that of the genus. 
16. GENUS SCOTOTHORUS OBERHOLSER 
Scotothorus Oberholser. Proc. Acad. Natur. Sc. Philad. 1899. p. 208 (type : Muscicapa turdina Wied). 
Synonym : Heteropelma Bonaparte (nec \Vesmaél 1849), Consp. Volucr. Anisod. p. 4 (Sep. ex: 
Ateneo italiano n° 11, August 1854). 
Characters. Bill rather large, compressed, especially towards the tip. Culmen distinctly 
ridged and strongly curved in the apical portion. Subterminal notch very distinct. Nostrils 
elliptical and open, situated near the lower edge of the nasal fossa. Rictal bristles well deve- 
loped, particularly in the species with a bright occipital crest. In the wing, the fourth 
primary is the longest, the third and fifth are a little shorter, the first equals the tenth. Tail 
emarginate and at the same time slightly rounded, the outermost rectrix being shorter than 
the four succeeding ones which are of equal length while the innermost is again somewhat shorte- 
ned, though still a little longer than the outermost pair. Tarsus short, but robust, the outer 
toe united to the middle one for its basal half. In the species of the first section (without bright 
vertical crest) the tarsus is distinctly scutellate, and the under surface of the toes covered with 
small, protruding, wart-like scutes. In S. fallescens, S. chrysocephalus and S. sulphureiventer 
the under surface of the toes is almost smooth, and the scutes of the metatarsus are some- 
times fused. Sexes alike or very little different, the females of the three crested species having 
a smaller and paler crest than the males. 
Habits. Little is known of their habits. Prince Wied says that S. turdinus turdinus and 
S. unicolor are found in dense forests. 
Geographical Distribution. Central America from Eastern Mexico southwards and 
South America down to Southeast Brazil, 
EY IO) TIES SIPBCWSS ANID) SWISS iPaCIUES 
1. With a bright yellow vertical crest. 
VV Ln OUL CN D Yi eM wer tica Gy est ry) ey Nee valeA Vis in) S| hE) ek wil cee ce ce 
2. Vertical crest orange ; breast and abdomen pale sulphur yellow. Wing 7o- 
EMG -O EIA P a) i) a) ee 1 5 ee 8 ee 2a SaICHRYSOCERHAIUS. 
— Vertical crest lemon yellow; breast and abdomen pale sulphur yellow. 
WONG FEE HNO is 6 6 6 8 6b 6 eo 6 6 8 6 6 Wilh Sh SUITS AAD OoIN 
— Vertical crest lemon yellow, breast dull grayish, most of the feathers nar- 
vowly edged with pale yellowish ; abdomen very pale yellowish, shaded 
with grayish on flanks. Wing 75-So, tail65-68 mm, . . . . . 10.5. PALLESCENS. 
3. Bill small and slender. General plumage uniform, bright olive green except 
the vectrices and the edges to the quills which are vusset byown . . . Q. 5S. UNICOLOR. 
