4 
PICARIZ# 
roundish, and covered with a few short hairs, nasal membrane short. Wines long, pointed 
? ? o e ? 
covering two-thirds of the length of the tail, the first quill rudimentary, shorter or but very little 
longer than the primary coverts, the second primary longest, the third rather shorter ; scapulars 
shorter than the secondaries. Tail long, even, with the ends of the two middle feathers elong- 
ated beyond the others and pointed. Tarsi very short and covered in front with narrow 
transverse scales, or indistinctly scutellate; toes rather long, slender, the lateral ones unequal, 
the outer toe being slightly longer, united as far as the second joint to the middle toe. The 
lower part of the tibia bare. 
These birds are, as a rule, very gregarious and are seen in large flocks, frequenting open 
places and the borders of forests, chiefly near water, and breeding in colonies. 
The forms belonging to the species 7. muelleri inhabit dense forests and live in couples. 
Geographical Distribution. Africa, Madagascar, Southern Europe, Central Asia, 
India, eastwards to Australia and New Guinea. 
© 
1o. 
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES 
. Breast green ov blue. 
Breast pink or rose colour 
. Back and scapulars chestnut as well as the wings; head purplish blue like 
the breast . 
Back and scapulars not chestnut 
. Back dark purplish maroon, the forehead bright cobalt, with whitish 
SUvUPeS< A 8a BO a sce aay ey WSEAS 2 
Back light chestnut, forehead dark blue, the base of the forehead some- 
what paler 
. Scapulars green, lower back, rump and upper tail-coverts silvery cobalt, 
tail blue a aa 
Scapulars ochre yellow like the lower back and rump; upper taal-coverts 
andnianioueen: ye oom) Bee Won te, Pye oe ee ae te 
. Mantle chestnut . 
Mantle green. 
. Head and mantle bay 
Head and mantle deep chestnut 
. Mantle dark green 
Mantle grass-green . 
. Upper throat yellow, succeeded by chestnut 
Upper throat blue, green or greenish yellow, followed by a narrow line of 
black, head green or brown washed with green 
. Foreneck with a broad black patch, tail black, washed or edged with blue 
ILCOvEMECK NOLO LAG hats ee een 
Tail black, washed or edged with blue 
Tail blue . 
Tail green or golden olive . 
. General colour above green, frontal band pale blue 
General colour above golden olive, frontal band yellowish while 
M. 
M. 
M. 
M. 
bo 
1g. 
3) 
4 
MUELLERI MUELLERI. 
MUELLERI MENTALIS. 
ae 
APIASTER. 
6. 
7. 
. AMERICANUS AMERICANUS (ad.). 
M. 
M. 
AMERICANUS SUMATRANUS (ad.). 
AMERICANUS (juv.). 
ORNATUS (ad.). 
. ORNATUS (JUV. ). 
. SUPERCILIOSUs PHILIPPINUS. 
« SUPERCILIOSUS SALVADORII. 
