6 PASSERES 
Certhia scandulaca Pallas, Zoogr Rosso-Asiat. Vol. 1, p. 432 (1827) (new name for Certhia familiayis Linnzus : 
«in sylvestribus Rossi et Sibiriz »). 
Certhia septentrionalis Brehm, Handb. Naturg. Vog. Deutsch]. p. 210 (1831) (« bewohnt die von Deutschland 
noérdlich lierenden Walder, kommt im Winter bis Kiel, selten ins mittlere Deutschland herab »). 
Certhia longicauda Reichenbach, Handb,. Scansoriz, p. 263 (1853) (ex Brandt MS., Jenissey, Siberia : « in keinem 
Punkte von C, cos/ae zu unterscheiden »). 
Certhia fasciata David, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, Vol. 3, Bull. p. 36 (1867) (Peking). 
Certhia familiaris candida Hartert, Mitt. Ornith. Ver. Wien, Vol. 11, p. 161 (1887) (East Prussia). 
Hab. Scandinavia, Russia, eastern provinces of Germany (West- and East Prussia), Poland, in Europe 
southwards to the Carpathian Mountains, Roumania and to the north side of the Caucasus; eastwards 
through Siberia as far as Amoorland and the shores of the Okhotsk Sea, also in Manchooria, North 
China (Peking), Sakhalin, Corea and North Japan (Kuril Isl., Yezo); the northern limit of its range 
coinciding with the timber-line. 
Obs. The East-Asiatic birds not having been sufficiently studied, there may be one or two more races to 
be distinguished, Specimens from Peking etc. are said to be small and of pale coloration, while those 
from Yezo do not appear to be quite typical either. 
2. Certhia familiaris persica Sarudny & Loudon. 
Certhia familiaris persica Sarudny & Loudon, Ornith. Monatsber. Vol. 13, p. 106 (1905) (« bewohnt die dem Kaspi(sic) 
angrenzenden Provinzen Persiens |Ghilan, Masanderom (sic) und Aserabad (sic)| »). 
Hab. North Persia : Elburz Mts. in the provinces of Ghilan, Mazanderan and Asterabad. (Unknown to 
the author.) 
3. Certhia familiaris caucasica Buturlin. 
Certhia familiarvis caucasica Buturlin, Ornith. Monatsber. Vol. 15, p. 8 (1907) (« Kaukasus und Transkaukasien »). 
Hab. Caucasus Mts. and Transcaucasia. 
4. Certhia familiaris japonica Hartert. 
Certhia familiaris japonica Hartert, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 138 (1897) (Hondo, Japan). 
Hab, South Japan (Hondo). 
5. Certhia familiaris macrodactyla Brehm. 
Certhia macrodactyla Brehm, Handb, Naturg. Vog. Deutschl. p. 208 (1831) (« bewohnt die Nadelwalder, ist im 
Sommer selten im mittleren Deutschland »). 
Certhia nattereri Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Avium, Vol. 1, p. 224 (1850) (part. description rather uncertain : 
« ex Sabaudia, Helvetia »). 
Certhia costa Bailly, Mém. Soc. Roy. Acad. Savoie, Vol. 13, p. —(Description d'une nouv. esp, de Grimpereaux, 
sep. p. 2) (1847) (Savoy). ; 
Certhia brachyrhynchos Brehm, Naumannia 1855, p. 274 (1855) (new name for C., costae auct.); ibidem, Vol. 6, 1856. 
p- 358 (Witten, Gorlitz etc.). 
Certhia familiavis vera Brehm, ibidem, Vol. 6, p. 357 (1856) (« aus Pommern, . . aus Kiel und Galizien, und fand 
ihn hier [i. e. Renthendorf] briitend »|. 
Certhia familiaris pusilla Brehm, ibidem, p. 358 (1856) (« ich bekam ihn aus Dalmatien, und erlegte ihn ein einziges 
Mal in der hiesigen Gegend » [i. e. Renthendorf]). 
Certhia rhenana Kleinschmidt, Ornith, Monatsber. Vol. 8, p. 169 (1900) (« am Rhein »). 
Fig. Naumann, Naturg. V6g. Deutschl. Vol. 5, 1826, pl. 140, f. 1, 2. 
Hab. Germany (except West- and East Prussia), Belgium, France, Pyrenees, Switzerland, Austria, 
Hungary, Bosnia and Hercegovina, and Northern Italy. 
6. Certhia familiaris brittanica Ridgway. 
Certhia brittanica Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 5, p. 113 (1882) (England). 
Fig, Dresser, Birds Europe, Vol. 3, pl. 122. 
Hab. Great Britain, Isle of Man, Ireland. 
7. Certhia familiaris corsa Hartert. 
Certhta familiaris corsa Hartert, Vg. palaarkt. Fauna, Lief. 3, p. 320 (1905) (Corsica). 
Hab. Mountain forests of Corsica. 
8. Certhia familiaris bianchii Hartert. 
Certhia familiaris bianchii Hartert, Vog. palaarkt. Fauna, Lief. 3, p. 321 (1905) (Southern Tetung Mts., Kansu, 
N. W. China). ; 
Hab. Western China : Mountains of Kansu (Nan-shan) and Northern Szechuen. 
