10 RASS ERS 
—- Bill shorter. not more than 22 mm, No distinct white superciliary stripe. 
N 
Median rectrices regularly banded with greyish brown and black . 
2. Marginal spots on the outer web of the quills obsolete, dull ashy; pale streaks 
of pileum smaller, on the forehead indistinct and rather greyish; black 
markings of the lower parts coarser, more bar-like . . . . . . . 4. S. SPILONOTA EMINI. 
— Marginal spots on the outer web of the quills well-defined, pure white; pale 
streaks on upper part of the head very distinct, nearly pure white; black 
markines oflower, par(s Smaller) move Spol-lUhe, eae) ele) ena ect cee 
3. Bill longer : 19-21 mm. General colour above and below more greyish. . . 2. S. SPILONOTA SALVADORI. 
— Bill shorter : 17-17,5 mm. General colour above and below more vufescent . 3. S. SvIlLONOTA ERLANGERI. 
1. Salpornis spilonota spilonota (J. Franklin). 
Certhia spilonota J. Franklin, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. Lond. Vol. 1, p. 121 (Oct. 1831) («on the Ganges between 
Calcutta and Benares » or «in the Vindhyian Hills »). 
Fig, Gray, Gen. of Birds, pl. 44, f. 1; Gould, Birds Asia, Vol 2, pl. 56. 
Hab. Plains of India from the foot of the Himalayas southwards to near the Kistna River; the western 
limits of its range appear to be Gurgaon, Sambhar, Ajmere and Abu. 
2. Salpornis spilonota salvadori (Barboza du Bocage). (Plate, Fig. 6.) 
Hylypsornis salvadori Barboza du Bocage, Jorn. Acad. Lisboa, Vol. 6, pp. 198, 211 (1878) (Caconda, Benguella). 
Fig. Barboza du Bocage, Ornith. Angola, pl. 10, f. 2. 
Hab. Central South Africa from Angola and Benguella in the west, eastwards to N. E. Mashonaland 
(Salisbury, Ganyani), British Central (Zomba, Fort Hill, Ikawa) and German East Africa, and 
southern part of British East Africa (Mount Elgon). 
3. Salpornis spilonota erlangeri Neumann. 
Salpornis sptlonota erlangeri Neumann, Ornith. Monatsber. Vol. 15, p. 52 (1907) (Anderatcha in Kaffa, South 
Ethiopia). 
Hab. South Ethiopia (Kaffa, Djamdjam), N. E. Africa. 
4. Salpornis spilonota emini Hartlaub. 
Salpornis emint Hartlaub, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 415, pl. 37 (1884) (Langomeri, A2quatorial province). 
Salpornis salvadorii ortentalis Hartlaub, Journ. f. Ornith. Vol. 37, p. 116 (1889) (new name for S. eminé Hartlaub). 
Salpornis maclaudi (Oustalet MS.) Maclaud, Mammif. et Ois. de l’Afr. occid. p. 141 (1906) (Kouyeya [Kinsam] in 
southern Fouta-Djalon : nom. nud.). = 
Salpornis riggenbachi Reichenow, Ornith. Monatsber. Vol. 17, p. 140 (1909) (Banjo, N. W. Cameroons) 1). 
Fig. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1884, pl. 37. 
Hab. From the upper White Nile (Lado, Langomeri, Tobbo, Macraca) westwards to North Cameroons 
(Banjo). Gold Coast (Gambaga, Sekwi) and French Guinea (Kouyeya, Fouta-Djalon). 
3. GENUS TICHODROMA ILLIGER 
Tichodroma llliger, Prodr. Mam. Avium, p. 210 (1811) (Sp. un. : Certhia muraria Linneus). 
Petrodroma Vieillot, Anal. Ornith. pp. 45, 70 (1816) (Sp. un. : « Grimpereau de Muraille»). 
Tichodromas Olphe-Galliard, Ornith. Eur. occid., fasc. 23, p. 31 (nom. emend. pro Tichodyoma Illiger). 
Characters. Bill much longer than head, somewhat depressed at base, and laterally 
much compressed in terminal portion; culmen distinctly ridged on basal third, nearly straight, 
with the extreme tip slightly decurved; gonys straight, Nostrils longitudinal, entirely exposed, 
overhung by a distinct operculum, forming a long, narrow slit-like opening on lower portion 
1) According to Prof. Neumann (in litt.), who has compared the two types, S. riggenbacht is based upon a very worn 
example of S. s. emrnt. 
