PAM. PARIDA® ST 
Parus abietum Brehm, Handb. Naturg. V6g. Deutsch]. p. 466 (1831) (« bewohnt die gebirgigen deutschen 
Schwarzwalder »). 
Parus ater schwedeyt Loudon & Tschusi, Ornith. Jahrb, Vol. 16, p. 140 (1905) (Livland). 
Hab. Europe, from 64° n. lat. south to Italy, the Balcan States, Asia Minor, and east to West and Central 
Siberia. 
Obs. As a rule, specimens from Scandinavia, East Prussia and Russia (Livland) are purer bluish grey 
on the back and have the flanks rather pale. If the form from Central-and S. E. Europe should prove 
to be separable the name P. a. abietum would become available for it. 
gg. Parus ater amurensis (Buturlin). 
Periparus ater amurensis Buturlin, Ornith. Monatsber. Vol. 15, p. 80 (1907) (Amoor, Ussuri, Sakhalin etc.). 
Hab. Eastern Siberia : Amoorland, Ussuri, Sakhalin and the shores of the Okhotsk Sea. 
100. Parus ater insularis Hellinayr. 
Parus ater insulayis Hellmayr, Ornith. Jahrb. Vol. 13, p. 36 (1902) (Japan, type from Suruga, Hondo). 
Hab. Japan (Yezo, Hondo). 
tor. Parus ater pekinensis A. David. 
Parus pekinensis A. David, The [bis (mew series), Vol. 6, p. 155 (1870) (Pekin, China). 
Fig. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, Vol. 8, 1872, Bull. pl. 5, f.1; David & Oustalet, Ois. Chine, pl. 34. 
Hab. China (from Pekin to Fohkien), Manchooria, Corea (Chemulpo). 
102. Parus ater rufipectus Severtzow. 
Parus ater var. rufipectus (asiatica) Severtzow, Izv. Obshch. Moskov, Vol. 8, no. 2, p. 134 (1873) (Turkestan; Rus- 
sian!): Dresser, The Ibis, 1876, p. 93 (transl.). 
Parus piceae Severtzow, Stray Feath. Vol. 3, p. 423 (1875) (Turkestan). 
Fig. Aves Przewalsk. pl. 9, f. 1. 
Hab. Turkestan : Tian-shan Mountains, at elevations of from 8000 to 10,000 feet. 
103. Parus ater emodius Hodgson. 
Parus aemodius Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Vol. 13.11, p. 943 (1844, (Nepal). 
Lophophanes Humei W. E. Brooks, ibidem, Vol. 42, 1, p. 57 (1873) (Sikkim). 
Hab. Eastern Himalayas (Sikkim, Nepal), eastwards into Western China (Kansu, Shensi). 
104. Parus ater phzonotus Blanford. 
Parus phaeonotus Blanford, The Ibis (3), Vol. 3, p. 88 (1873) (« in quercetis haud procul ab urbe persica Shiraz »). 
Fig. Blanford, Eastern Persia, Vol. 2, Zool. pl. 16, f. 1. 
Hab. Oak-woods of Persia (Shiraz etc.), and southern Transcaspia (Ashabad, Shirwan etc.). 
105. Parus ater michalowskii Bogdanow. 
Parus Michalowskii Bogdanow, Trudui Kazan. Univ. Vol. 8, Iv, p. 87 (1879) (Suram Pass and Kirshaweli in 
Western Caucasus; Russian!); Schalow, Journ. f. Ornith. 1880, p. 268 (transl.). 
Hab. Southern Caucasus (Kura valley, from Suram and Sekarsk to Kedabeg, Tiflis and Lenkoran). 
Obs. One specimen from the Laba valley (Mt. Kuba), North Caucasus, differs by having the back much 
less brownish, greyish olive, and the brownish wash on the flanks paler and more restricted. In 
coloration, it is practically identical with P. a. deyjugin?, but has a much shorter, stouter bill. 
106. Parus ater derjugini (Sarudny & Loudon). 
« Periparus atey Linneus var. derjugini » Sarudny & Loudon, Ornith, Monatsber. Vol. 11, p.129 (1903) (« Tschoroch- 
gebiet » in N. W. Caucasus). 
Hab. Lasistan in Northern Armenia, and Dshoroch-district, Transcaucas a. 
107. Parus ater moltchanovi \Menzbier. 
Parus moltchanovt Menzbier, Bull, Brit. Ornith. Club, Vol. 13, p. 49 (1903) (« in sylvis montium Yaila peninsule 
Taurice »). 
Hab. Mountains of Southern Crimea. 
108. Parus ater cypriotes Dresser. (PI. 1, Fig. 4.) 
Parus cypriotes Dresser, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887, p. 563 (1888) (Cyprus). 
Fig. Dresser, Birds Europe, Vol. 9, pl. 658. 
Hab. Cyprus. ° 
