44 PASSERES 
Stenostiva schistacea Heuglin, Ornith. N. O. Afr. Vol. 1, 1, p. 433 (1871) (« Kaplandschaft »). 
Hab. Southern- and South-western Africa (Cape Colony, Oranje, Namaqua, Damaraland etc.), [Probably 
a subspecies of P. plumbeum.| 
5. Parisoma plumbeum plumbeum (Hartlaub). (PI. 2, Figs. 7a, 7b.) 
Stenostira plumbea G. Hartlaub, Journ. f. Ornith. Vol. 6, p. 41 (1858) (ex J. Verreaux MS. : Casamanze River in 
the interior of Senegambia). 
Parisoma melanurum Cassin, Proc, Acad, Nat. Se. Philad. 1859, p. 51 (1859) (Camma and Rembo, Gaboon),. 
Parisoma catoleucum Reichenow, Ornith. Monatsber. Vol 8, p. 5 (1900) (« Chamba im Niassa-Gebiet »). 
Hab. Western Africa (from Senegambia to Benguella), North-east Africa (White-Nile district) and 
South-eastern Africa (Natal, Swaziland, Nyasaland). 
N. B. Specimens from Nyasaland are not quite typical. If separable, they are entitled to the name 
P. plumbenm catolencum. 
6. Parisoma plumbeum orientale Reichenow & Neumann. 
Parisoma orientale Reichenow & Neumann, Ornith. Monatsber. Vol. 3, p. 74 (1895) (kibwezi, South Ukamba). 
Hab. Britist East Africa : Taro desert, Kibwezi (Southern Ukamba). 
7. Parisoma holospodium Bates. 
Parisoma holospodium G. L, Bates, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, Vol. 25, p. 27 1909) (Bitye, River Ja, Cameroon). 
Hab. West Africa : Bitye, River Ja, in Cameroon. 
2. SUBFAM. PSALTRIPARINAE 
THE LONG-TAILED TITS 
This group comprises the Long-tailed Tits, small-sized birds with very small, strongly 
convex bill, graduated tail, composed of narrow, at tip rather attenuated rectrices, and with 
interorbital septum contracted to a slender, horizontal bar, separating two very large foramina, 
Characters. Bill small, much less than half as long as head, about equal to length of 
hallux (without claw), with outlines strongly convex; culmen strongly curved, abruptly 
contracted terminally ; gonys distinctly ascending terminally. Nasal fossa large, occupying about 
basal half of maxilla, entirely concealed by dense, antrorse, latero-frontal plumules. Wing short, 
rounded ; fourth, fifth and sixth primaries longest ; second primary always shorter than seventh, 
being equal to eighth or ninth; first primary about half as long as second, sometimes slightly 
shorter, sometimes very little longer (Psaltria); wing-tip decidedly shorter than tarsus. Tail 
graduated, usually longer, in one genus (Psaltria) slightly shorter than wing; rectrices narrow, 
somewhat attenuated at tip. Tarsus little less than twice as long as middle toe (without claw) ; 
scutes of acrotarsium often inclined to fuse into a single, long lamina; middle toe longest, outer 
toe slightly longer than inner; basal phalanx of middle toe adherent for decidedly less than its 
entire length to inner toe, but for its entire length to outer toe; hallux about as long as outer 
toe, but much stouter. Interorbital septum contracted to a slender, horizontal bar, separating 
two very large foramina which extend much the greater part of the distance, longitudinally, 
across orbit. Plumage exceedingly soft and copious. 
Coloration variable (see genera). Sexes alike, 
Geographical Distribution, Palaarctic, Nearctic and Indo-Malayan Regions. 
