FAM, PARIDAS 49 
13. A2githalos caudatus glaucogularis (Moore). 
Orites ? glaucogularist) Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. Vol. 22, 1854, p. 140 (185 
Mecistura swinhoet (Zelebor MS.) Pelzeln, Reise Novara, Vol. 1, 11, p. 66, pl. 3, 
examined). 
Fig. Gould, Birds Asia, Vol. 2, pl. 69. 
Hab. Central China : valley of the Yangtsekiang, Shanghai, Ningpo etc. 
5) (China). 
f. r (1865) (Shanghai; =juv., type 
14. Aegithalos caudatus vinaceus (J. Verreaux). 
Mecistura vinacea 2) Verreaux, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris. Vol. 6, Bull. p. 39 (1870) (Ourato, Monvolia; cfr. Verreaux, 
ibidem, Vol. 7, 1871, Bull. p. 56; =juv., type in Paris Museum examined). 
Acredula calva Pleske, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, Vol. 3, p. 13 (1893) (« Upper Chuan-che, China»). 
Fig. Aves Przewalsk. Livr. 4, 1905, pl. 7, f. 1, 2 (= ad.); Verreaux, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, Vol. 8, 
1872, Bull. pl. 2, £ 3: (— juv.). 
Hab. Mountains of the Upper Chuanche in N. W. China (Kansu) and South Mongolia (Uroto, Alashan). 
8. GENUS AZEGITHALISCUS CaBanis 
Aegithaliscus Cabanis, Mus. Heinean. Vol. 1, p. go (1851) (sp. typ. : Parus erythrocephalus Vigors). 
Acanthiparus Gould, Birds Asia, Vol. 2, Pt. 7, pl. 67 (1855) (sp. typ. : A. niveogulavis Moore). 
Characters. Bill variable as to relative length and shape, in A. erythrocephalus and 
allies very much as in -£githalos, but less compressed, being short, thick, at base distinctly 
wider than deep, with culmen strongly curved for its entire length, and with gonys 
conspicuously ascending terminally. 4. niveogularis, A. bonvaloti and A. iouschistos, on the 
other hand, have the bill much more compressed (even more so than in 4githalos), and 
decidedly longer, with culmen much less curved and gonys straighter, resembling in this respect 
the American genus Psaltriparus, from which they chiefly differ by having the tail shorter than, 
or equal to, the wing (instead of longer), and the rectrices as well as the remiges somewhat 
broader. 4. fuliginosus beg, however, intermediate between the two groups typefied by 
A. erythrocephalus and A. niveogularis, | deemed it better not to separate the genera A:githa- 
liscus and Acanthiparus, since, in other structural details, they are practically identical. Rictal 
bristles minute, soft, though always present. Nostrils roundish, entirely hidden by antrorse, 
latero-frontal plumules. Wing rather long, much rounded; fourth, fifth and sixth primaries 
longest; first primary a little shorter than, or as long as half the second. Tail slightly shorter 
than, or equal to wing, much rounded and at the same time slightly emarginate, the submedian 
pair of rectrices being a little longer than the median; the rectrices conspicuously rounded at 
tip. Tarsus slender, about twice as long as middle toe without claw; acrotarsium distinctly 
scutellate; outer toe slightly longer than inner one; hallux about as long as outer toe, but much 
stouter, its claw much shorter than the digit, strongly arched; basal phalanx of middle toe 
adherent to lateral toes for its entire length. Wing 46-58, tail 44-55 mm, 
Coloration. Back slate-grey, olive-grey, or sepia-brown (4. /fuliginosus); median portion 
of crown usually different from back, either rufous or fawn-colour, or white anteriorly passing 
into smoky brown on hind crown and nape, in one species (A. fuliginosus) sepia-brown 
1) Misprinted Acredula glaucovivens Reichenow, Ornith. Monatsber. Vol. 2, 1894, p. 28. 
2) Although in juvenile plumage, the type certainly belongs to this form and vot to A. c. slaucogularis as erroneously 
admitted in « Tierreich », Livr. 1, p. 118, the dark belly and the large size, besides the locality, leave no doubt whatever. 
