no 
On 
9. 
Io. 
Tels 
r2. 
. Head all round black, throat duller, 
. Larger : wing 55-60, tail 48-52 mm. 
. Black frontal band followed by anarrow, but distinct chestnut line. 
. Bill much larger as well as longer 
PASSERES 
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES 
more greyish black 
Forehead black, crown whitish, pale greyish, buff oy chestnut. Sides 
of the head black . : 
No black whatever on forehead and sides of the head, except sometimes 
an indistinct small dusky patch on the lower portion of the ear coverts. 
. Black above mainly restricted to head and nape. Lower breast and abdo- 
men paler, fulvous 
Black above extended over the greater part of the back. Lower breast 
and abdomen darker, clear chestnut 
Smaller : wing 55-56, tail 46,5-51 mm. 
. Feathers of the occiput largely black, this colour sometimes half-con- 
cealed by white tips, forming, together with the black sides of the 
head and forehead, a broad, more or less complete band encircling the 
white centre of the crown 
Feathers of the occiput only at the extreme base dark grey, thew 
apical portions of the same colour as the crown 
. Pileum chestnut . 
Pilewm deep buff. 
Pileum dingy whitish or pale greyish. 
No chestnut line behind black frontalband . . . . . . 
Chestnut line continued along upper margin of the black sides of head 
as fay back as posterior end of ear coverts . 
Chestnut line bordering black frontal band and continued to above the eye. 
- T0-I2 mm, . . . 
Bull much smaller and shorter :'7,5-9 mm... ae 
Pileum pale ashy with narvow, but distinct dusky aa lines. 
Wing 
longer : 55-57 mm. 
Pileum uniform dingy white. Wing shorter : 52-54 mm. . 
Pileum darker, greyish brown. Feet stronger, bill very large, flattened 
towards the tip . . 
Pileum paler, dull or greyish buff. Feet weeker, bill smaller, distinctly 
acute 
Bill larger, longer : 10-11 mm. 
Bill weekev and smaller 
Narrox 
Sg = OU oe once) 
' frontal edge whitish, followed by a distinct chestnut line. Pale 
superciliary streak scarcely indicated . 
Broad frontal band, lores, and a very distinct superciliary stripe buffy 
white. No chestnut line behind frontal band 
1) R. ssaposhnikow!, unknown to the author, is not included in the key. 
Tee 
g. R 
LO. R 
EMS: 
Opa 
R 
OF REMIZA " 
te 
4. 
Io. 
ae 
. MACRONYX NIGRICANS ad. 
. MACRONYX MACRONYX ad. 
. MACRONYX NEGLECTUS ad. 
. CORONATA ad, 
5: 
. PENDULINA CASPIA ad. 
. MACRONYX MACRONYX semi ad. 
. MACRONYX NEGLECTUS Semiad. 
. R. MACRONYX NIGRICANS semi ad, 
6. 
a 
, : Q. 
2. R. PENDULINA CaAsPIa semi ad. 
t. R. PENDULINA PENDULINA ad. 
3. R. PENDULINA JAXARTENSIS ad. 
5. R. PENDULINA CoNSOBRINA ad, 
4. R. PENDULINA STOLICZK#& ad. 
\ g. R. MACRONYX MACRONYX juv. 
10. R. MACRONYX NEGLECTUS juv. 
| TI. Rt. MACRONYX NIGRICANS Juv. 
: ce Gh eee eee 
1, R. PENDULINA PENDULINA JUV. 
a day Bo cet Te Aish ane ee 
3. R. PENDULINA JAXARTENSIS juv. 
6, R. YENISEENSIS Juv. 
