FAM. PARIDAz 61 
first primary well developed, though rather narrower than the other primaries, about half as 
long as second. Tail much shorter than wing, slightly emarginate. Tarsus rather strong, 
decidedly longer than middle toe with claw; acrotarsium conspicuously scutellate; middle toe 
longest, inner toe slightly shorter than outer one; hallux intermediate in length between lateral 
toes, but much stouter. The structure of the feet is exactly as in Remiza, further details being, 
therefore, unnecessary. Wing 50-56, tail 30-38 mm. 
Coloration. Above plain olive-grey, olive-green or yellowish green, forehead sometimes 
bright yellow, sometimes washed with pale ochraceous, in most species obsoletely or distinctly 
spotted or punctulated with dusky. Under parts whitish, yellow or ochraceous, throat and 
chest in several species conspicuously paler than lower belly. Bill and feet blackish or dusky. 
Geographical Distribution. Tropical Africa (Ethiopian Region), Thirteen forms are at 
present known. 
Habits and Nidification exactly as in Remiza. 
Observations. This genus, while closely allied to the Palearctic Penduline Tits 
(Remiza), difiers by its relatively shorter tail and by having a well-developed and much longer 
first primary. Besides, the style of coloration is very different in the two genera, 
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF ANTHOSCOPUS 
1. Under parts with some isabelle or ochraceous buff, evther the whole lvower 
surface (except throat) or lower abdomen and under tail coverts being of that 
GOlOnieMOID evap artSVO Kei SD l mamaria iia 1) i) 5 eee eee oi A 
— Under parts never isabelle or ochraceous buff, being either whitish ov yellow. . . . . . . .. ~~. 62 
2. Throat, foreneck and chest white, shading gradually into ochraceous-buff on belly 
and under tail coverts 3): 
— Whole under surface nearly uniform isabelle-colour, only on upper throat passing 
into buffy white . . . ee ae Eat Ae RS AIS Sy 40 te n e  e 
3. Upper tail coverts pale brownish grey like back. Isabelle-colour of belly paler 
and more restricted to anal region. . : 54 6. 5 eo o Os A. MUSCULUG, 
— Upper tail coverts distinctly washed with ochraceous- “buff. L Lower breast, abdomen 
and tril tan GRNCTS OMRORGUBHD 5 5 5 6 2 © 6 5 6 © © 8 6» © 0.9 09 ¢ 6 9 fhe 
4. Upper parts sandy grey. Axillaries and under wing coverts creamy buff: . . ©. A. CAROL CAROLI. 
— Upper parts clear brownish grey. Axillavies and under wing coverts pure white. 7. A. CAROLI ROBERTSI. 
5. Upper parts, including vump and upper tail coverts, purely ashy grey, forehead 
decidedly washed with ochvaceous. Under parts paler. Wing 52,5 mm. . 8. A. CAROLI ROTHSCHILDI. 
— Upper parts olivaceous-grey, forehead barely, vump and upper tail coverts 
distinctly shaded with ochraceous. Under parts deeper. Wing 55-59 mm. . 9. A. CAROLI SYLVIELLA. 
6. Forehead more or less brightly yellow, with or without dusky apical spots to the 
Feathers z - AR See 
— Feathers of forehead ee edged or rae DUP NTS Ges es Be Oo Oo ee oe Beta | Fh 
7. Breast and abdomen darker, dull ochyveous-yellow; upper parts dark ashy, on 
viump and upper tail coverts olwaceous. . . . . . . . =. =. . «. J. A, MINUTUS MINUTUS. 
— Breast and abdomen light sulphur-yellow ; upper parts clear olivaceous-gvey. . . . . . . .. . 8. 
= 
8. Upper parts more washed with ole . . . . . . =... . =. =. ~. #2 A, MINUTUS SMITHIT. 
