PAM, PARIDZ® 65 
latero-frontal plumules). Rictal bristles obsolete. Wing rather long, pointed; third and fourth 
primaries equal and longest; second and fifth but slightly shorter; first primary obsolete, being 
reduced to a minute, lanceolate feather, scarcely half as long as primary coverts; secondaries 
short, somewhat less than two-thirds of whole wing; wing-tip very much longer than tarsus. 
Tail even, extremely short, about half as long as wing, rectrices broad, with rounded tip. Tarsus 
longer than exposed culmen, but much less than twice its length; acrotarsium distinctly scutel- 
late; proportion of toes as in Remiza; claws rather shorter and more slender than in the last- 
named genus. Wing 60-62, tail 30-34 mm. Feathers of forehead conspicuously elongated, 
slightly stiffened, forming, together with the likewise lengthened, but not stiffened feathers of 
the crown, a distinct, erect crest. 
Coloration. Erect feathers of forehead and fore part of crown, as well as lores bright 
fiery orange-red; rest of pileum and back light yellowish olive-green, more yellowish on rump 
and upper tail coverts; wing coverts and quills dusky, broadly edged with dull olive-yellowish ; 
rectrices dusky, with narrow, pale yellowish margins. Sides of head, throat, foreneck and chest 
bright golden yellow, washed with reddish orange on chin, passing into clear yellow on belly, 
and to buff on anal region. The females and young birds lack the fiery red forehead and are 
more greenish on the back, with chin and throat duller, greenish yellow, and belly paler yellow. 
Bill and feet horn-colour. 
Geographical Distribution. Himalayas and adjoining parts of Afghanistan. 
Habits and Nidification. Very little is known regarding its habits. It is said to nest in 
holes of trees and to lay uniform dark blue eggs! If there is no mistake about this subject the 
species would radically differ in that respect from all other members of the subfamily. 
1. Cephalopyrus flammiceps (Burton). 
Egithalus fammiceps Burton, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. Vol. 3, 1835, p. 153 (1836) (« apud montes Himalayenses »). 
Dicoeum sanguinifrons (A. Hay MS.) Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Vol. 15, p. 44 (1846) (« neighbourhood of 
Simla »). 
Fig. Gould, Birds Asia, Vol. 2, pl. 71; Contrib. Ornith. 1850, pl. 66, fig. inf. 
Hab. Himalayas, from Gilgit and Murree to Bhutan, and adjoining parts of Afghanistan, at elevations 
of from 3000 to gooo feet. In winter descending to the plains of India (Cawnpore, Etawah, Aligarh, 
Raipur, Nagpur, Sangor etc.). 
4. SUBFAM. PARADOXORNITHIN4= 
THE CROW-TITS 
Characters. Bill much shorter than the head, either equal to, or slightly longer than, 
inner toe (without claw), very much compressed, being much deeper than broad, sometimes 
even deeper than long (Paradoxornis), with outlines strongly convex; culmen rounded above, 
sometimes excessively so, strongly curved for its entire length; maxillary and mandibular tomiz 
more or less distinctly sinuated; gonys abruptly ascending terminally. Rictal bristles obvious, 
though not very numerous. Nostrils very small, nearly circular, completely concealed by setose, 
antrorse latero-frontal plumules. Wing of moderate length, about three times as long as tarsus, 
