76 PASSERES 
Geographical Distribution. The species of Psittiparis inhabit the mountains of India, 
Burma, Southern China and the island of Hainan, at elevations of {rom 2500 to S000 feet. 
Habits. These birds frequent bamboo-thickets, reeds and tall grasses. They construct 
a cup-shaped nest of grass-stalks, coated externally with a few cobwebs and lined inside with 
stripes of bamboo-stems; its eggs, three in number, are white, spotted and blotched with grey 
and pale brown. 
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF PSITTIPARUS 
1. Top and sides of the head and neck clear ferruginous. Throat and foreneck 
UNE SOV DUFF 0 asp) eo 1 eee wd ey ay ee. oe ee ee Cee UTE Oye 
— Crown and nape cinereous; narrow frontal band and long superciliaries black. 
Lores and cheeks white, ear coverts and sides of the neck whitish or pale 
cinereous. A black patch on the throat ae ee 5 : 3. (P. GuLaris). 
2. Bill smaller : 14, wing averaging shorter : 85-88 mm, Under surface of body 
white, chest and flanks faintly shaded with pale buff. . . . . . . 1. P. RUFICEPS RUFICEPS. 
— Bill larger : 16-17, wing averaging longer : 87-95 mm. Under surface of 
body strongly tinged with deep buff or fulvous buff. . . . . . . . 2. P. RUFICEPS BAKERI. 
3. Under surface of body strongly suffused with fulvous buff. Wing 83-88 mm. 4. P. GULARIS TRANSFIUVIALIS. 
—= Under swifaceiof body white. <5 oe Ss ee es ee 
4. Black throat-patch smaller and higher up on the chin. Suboculay vegion and 
eay coverts white or greyish white. Wing go-g5 mm. . . . . . . 3. P. GULARIS GULARIS. 
— Black throat-patch larger and lower down, leaving a distinct white. space on 
6 } 
the chin. Suboculay region and cheeks cinereous . . ae 
5. Larger: wing 97-100, tal 88-g0 mm. . . . . . . . =. =| +. . 9. P. GULARIS FOKIENSIS: 
— Smalley : wing 84-87, tal So-S3 mm. . .. . . . . . . =. . . 6. P. GULARIS HAINANUS. 
1. Psittiparus ruficeps ruficeps (Blyth). 
Paradoxornis ruficeps Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Vol. 11,1, p. 177 (1842) (« Bootan »). 
lig Gould, Birds Asia, Vol. 3, pl. 78. 
Hab. Eastern Himalayas : Sikkim and Bhutan. 
2. Psittiparus ruficeps bakeri (Hartert). 
Scaeorhiyuchus ruficeps bakeri Hartert, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 548 (1900); (Hungrum, North Cachar). 
Hab. Assam : hills south of the Brahmaputra (Khasia hills, Cachar) and Burma, southwards to Karennee, 
and enasserim (as far south as Thoungyah). 
3. Psittiparus gularis gularis (Gray). 
Paradoxornis gularts Gray Genera Birds, Vol. 2, p. 389, pl. 94, f. 2 (1845) (no locality ; we fix Sikkim as type locality) 
Paradoxornis caniceps Blyth, Journ, Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Vol. 18, 1, p. 810 (1849) (Darjiling). 
Fig. Gould, Birds Asia, Vol. 3, pl. 77. 
Hab. Eastern Himalaya : Sikkim and Bhutan, at elevations of from 3000 to 6000 feet. 
4. Psittiparus gularis transfluvialis ([artert). 
Scacorhynchus gularis transfluvialis Hartert, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 548 (1900) {Guilang, North Cachar). 
Hab. Assam : hill ranges south of the Brahmaputra R (IKhasia hills, Cachar); Burma (Karennee, 
Loilong, southern Shan States). 
5. Psittiparus gularis fokiensis (David). 
Heteromorpha Fokiensis David, Ann. Sc. Nat. Zool. (5), Vol. 19, art. no. 9, p. 4 (1874) («a Koatén, dans le Fokien 
occidental »). 
Fig. David & Oustalet. Ois. Chine, pl. 61. 
Hab. South China : Mountains of West Fokhien. 
