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annually to the same breeding haunts. The nest is made in shallow water or on ground; it is a 
large conical mass of aquatic plants, a hole or a slight depression on the dry and bare ground, 
In rule two eggs are laid, sometimes, though rarely, they are three in number. The eggs are 
creamy white, olive brown or buff, more or less streaked and blotched with reddish brown, 
red or purplish grey spots, The nestling is covered with down and able to run soon after it is 
hatched, 
Sexual characters are very slight, The male is usually larger, with the naked parts, it 
any, more conspicuous, 
Range. The Gruid@ inhabit all the great zoogeographical Regions, except the New 
Zealand one and, in the Neotropical, south of Mexico, Nor are they never found in Malayan 
Archipelago, Papuasia and Polynesian Islands, 
Bibliography. Tegetmeier Blyth, Nat. Hist. Cranes (1881); Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., Vol. 23, 
pp. 248-277 (1894); Blaauw, Monog. Cranes (1597); Sharpe, Hand-list Birds, Vol. 1, pp. 176-179 
ye 
(1899); Dresser, Man. Pal. Birds, Vol. 2, pp. 717-723 (1903); Chalmers Mitchell, Proce. Zool, 
Soc. Lond. rg04, Vol. 2, pp. 200-205. 
Two Sublamilies can be distinguished. 
SUBFAM. A. GRUINA= 
Bill equal to or longer than the head. Nostrils linear, No tult of straw-like bristles on the 
nape, Trachea convoluted, 
The Gruin@ contain eight Genera, 
SUBFAM. B. BALEARICINAE 
Bill shorter than the head, Nostrils oval and oblique, A tuilt of straw-like bristles on the 
nape. Trachea without convolutions, 
The Balcaricine contain only a single Genus, 
A. SUBFAM. GRUINA= 
KEY TO THE GENERA 
A. Crown of head naked. 
a. Ears-coverts feathered like the cheeks and sides of neck. 
als Dhelchecks whollysjeatheved 20) ee) Ge ISierRGSe 
b!. The cheeks more or less naked. 
al’. Entire crown and whole of cheeks naked 
bn 
. Genus LIMNOGERANUS. 
b!’. Hinder crown and hinder cheeks feathered. . . . . . 3. Genus LeucoGERANUS. 
b. Ears-coverts represented by a patch of feathers. . . . . . . . . 4. Genus ANTIGONE. 
