1918.] F. H. Gravely : Passalidae of the World. 51 



r The ends of the antennal lamellae in a strongly curved line 



I when furled ; the anterior margin of the head unpunctured P. pentaphylliis. p. 49. 



4 J The ends of the antennal lamellae in a straight line when furled ; 



the anterior margin of the head coarsely punctured between 

 [ the outer tubercles . . . . . . . . P. leachii, p. 49. 



("The frontal ridges straight, arising at right angles to each 



5 ^ other . . . . . . . . . . P. robustus, p. 50. 



(_ The frontal ridges together forming a crescent . . . . P. crenatus, p. 50. 



Genus PASSALUS, Fabricius, 1792, p. 240. 



— - Neleus nee Passalus, Kaup, etc. (see Zang, 1905c, pp. 224 and 226). 



Incl . *Epiphanus+ Eumelus+ Lucilius+ Mitrorhinus 1 + *Neleides+ *Ninus ( = Scalmus, Zang ) 

 + *Pertinax+*Petrejus+*Phoroneus (=Macrolobus, Zang) + Rhagonocerus+*Rhodocan- 

 thopus + Stephanocephalus 1 + *Vatinius (= Zoster othrix, Zang), Kaup. Also *Apone- 

 leides+Cassius-\-Epipertinax+*Flavius (=Lasioperix, Zang), +Lophoceplialus+Manlius 

 + Microthorax (=Phaulothorax, Zang) + *Morosophus+*Neleuops + Ninoides + Oeneus 

 + Parapertinax + * Pertinacities + Phanocles (=Psilomus, Zang) + *Phoronaeosomus + 

 Polyacanthopus+ *Ptychotrichus {—Epipleurothrix, Zang) +Severus-\rSynesius+ *Tetr- 

 aracus+Thryptocerus (=Alococerus, Zang) + Toxeutotaenius+^Trichopleurus+Valerius, 

 Kuwert. Also *Epiphoroneus, Arrow. 



Type, Lucanus interruptus, Linnaeus, 1767, p. 560. 2 



It seems probable, and has been assumed in the above synonymy, that all genera 

 belonging to Kuwert's subfamilies Ehodocanthopinae, Neleidinae, Pertinacinae, Pleurariinae 

 (except Pleurarius which belongs to the Indo- Australian Series), Phoronaeinae, Petrejinae, 

 Vatiniinae and Neleinae should be included in this complex and heterogeneous genus ; 

 but I have been able to confirm this by reference to specimens only in the case of the 

 genera marked with an asterisk (*). The genus Prosoclitus, Bates, has been omitted 

 because I think, judging from Bates' description, which is all that Kuwert also had to go 

 upon, that Bates was probably right in regarding the species for which he founded it as 

 closely allied to the genus Proculejus. 



One of Kaup's species of Proculejus, P. quitensis, was rightly removed by Kuwert to 

 one of his subfamilies here included in the genus Passalus ; but the genus Prosoclitus, in 

 which he placed it, is probably allied to if not identical with Proculejus, not Passalus. 

 P. quitensis differs from all other species of Passalus known to me in having the elytra 

 united ; but, if this character is to be regarded as in itself sufficient to warrant the 

 separation of the species possessing it into special genera, new genera will be required 

 for one of the four described species of Vindex, and for each of two species that otherwise 

 fall into two widely separated divisions of the genus Macrolinus. This multiplication of 

 small genera seems to me undesirable, although I have found it convenient to retain the 

 already existing small flightless genera Platyverres and Publius, instead of uniting them 



1 See above, pp. 10-11. 



2 This is the reference usually given, but is not the earliest description. See below, p. 63, footnote. 



H 2 



