4:6 Selmar Schonland, [May 28, 



we find the parts of the flowers in the same position as in the open 

 flowers of the Lobelioideae. I have underlined the word open because 

 the flowers of Lobelioideae are always formed in the same position as 

 in Cyphia volubilis (with posterior odd petal), but just before and 

 during anthesis a twisting of the pedicel takes place, which reverses 

 the position of the parts of the flowers. Tiiey are turned through an 

 angle of 180° (as in many Orchids) (Figs, ii and iii). Baillon Q) has 

 stated that resupination (as the process through which this reversal is 

 effected is called) also takes place in the Cyphioideae. An examin- 

 ation of the specimens contained in the Oxford Herbarium, however, 

 showed me that he was mistaken ( 2 ) and I am glad that the examin- 

 ation of fresh specimens of at least one species of Cyphia has con- 

 firmed my opinion that his statement was not correct, but of course, in 

 order to upset it completely, a larger number of species would have to 

 be observed in a living state. It is true that a slight displacement of 

 the flowers usually takes place consequent upon the tendency of the 

 inflorescence of becoming unilateral, but no such decided reversal as in 

 most species of Lobelioideae takes place. 



When a flower is about to open the anthers though not connected 

 with one another are placed so close together as to form a tube the 

 bottom of which is closed by the thickened upper portion of the style 

 which is densely covered with hairs (Fig. iv and v). As soon as 

 the flower opens the pollen is shed by the anthers, and deposited on the 

 style. So far everything is the same as in the majority of the 

 Lobelioideae and to a certain extent as in Campanuloideae ( 3 ). In 

 Lobelioideae the style has, as a rule, not completed its growth by this 

 time. (Fig. vi. — ix.). It goes on elongating, pushing the pollen 

 gradually out of the tube formed by the anthers. Insects visiting the 

 flowers come into contract with the pollen, which is prevented 

 from falling by a number of hairs placed around the entrance 

 of the tube (Fig. vi.). By and bye the style itself has reached 

 sufficient length to protrude out of the tube. As soon as this 

 stage is reached it developes its two stigmatic lobes (Figs, viii., ix.), 

 which then and not till then are ready to receive pollen for the 

 fertilisation of the flower. As will easily be seen, the flower was 

 therefore at first in a male state (Fig. vi.) and passes into the female 

 state after the stigmatic lobes are developed (Fig. viii). It is distinctly 



(*> " Histoire des Plantes," viii. p. 381 



( 2 ) 4 " Naturliche Pflanzenfamilien," iv, 5, p. 61. 



Q. I may here mention that in the South African species of Campanuloideae 

 (belonging to the genera Wahlenbergia and Liglitfootia), which I hitherto had 

 an opportunity of observing, pollination is effected in exactly the same way as 

 in the genus Campanula, 



