1890.] Notes on Cyphia Volubilis, Willd. 49 



Campanulacece (as defined by Bentham and Hooker), which possessed 

 any structure corresponding undoubtedly to the u indusium " which 

 forms such a marked character in Goodcniacece, I did not think it 

 right to include the latter among Campanulacece. 1 was well aware 

 that some writers Q) had maintained that certain Lobelioidece 

 possessed an " indusium." However, a minute investigation of a great 

 many species of the latter convinced me that there was only an 

 external resemblance between the tufts of hairs on the styles of 

 many Lobelioidece and the " indusium " of the Goodeniacece and 

 consequently (although erroneously) I considered at the time the re- 

 marks of Harvey and Sonder as regards the "indusium" of the 

 Cyphioideae to be also founded only upon vague analogies, and 

 thought myself quite justified in keeping the Goodeniaceae as a 

 separate order, especially as in taking this course I had the approval of 

 Baron Ferdinand von Mueller, the greatest living authority on these 

 plants. However, I have altered my opinion now. I shall show 

 presently that Cyphia volubilis at all events (and probably also the 

 other species of Cyphia) possesses a structure homologous with the 

 "indusium" of Goodeniaceae and that, therefore, the latter have to 

 be included among Campanulaceae. As an objection to the advis- 

 ability of this step one might only bring forward the fact that the 

 Goodeniaceae do not possess any laticiferous tubes. But this objection 

 loses considerably in force when we consider that in Compositae also 

 (an order very nearly allied to the Campanulaceae) there are many 

 forms possessing laticiferous tubes, while others are entirely without 

 them. 



To make the foregoing remarks a little more intelligible I will 

 refer briefly to the structure and development of the " indusium " 

 in $elliei*a radicans, (a species of Goodeniaceae occurring in 

 Australia, New Zealand and South America, which I was enabled to 

 study in fresh specimens). The style having reached a certain stage in 

 this species developes round the apex an oval protuberance (several 

 cell-layers in thickness), which grows considerably until it forrrs a 

 cup, which opens at the top by a narrow slit. A number of hairs are 

 placed round the entrance of the cup. This cup is called the " in- 

 dusium." Now if we imagine the entrance to it to be a roundish hole 

 instead of a slit, and its position shifted to one side, we have very much 

 the same what we find in Cyphia volubilis, the tissues surrounding the 

 " stigmatic cavity " in the latter may therefore even from analogy be 

 considered as corresponding to the tissues of the " mdusium " in 

 Selliera and other Goodeniaceae, and this view is considerably 

 strengthened by the fact, which I was able to ascertain, that their 



('). F. i. Urban in " Jahrbuch des K. botan. Gartens zu Berlin," Vol. i, p. 260. 



