426 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society. 



rough walking is required to reach the foot of the lowest fall. The 

 rise is 1,200 ft. in four miles from the mouth of the gorge to the foot 

 of the lower falls. Meyer, of the Surveyor- General's Department, 

 made the height of the main Tugela Fall, with its three steps, to be 

 2,050 ft. The tunnel through which the river flows at one spot 

 divides the lower part of the canon into two. It is not quite dark 

 inside, as the river reflects the light well into it, and it is hardly 

 150 ft. long. Of course one has to go through the water, which in 

 one spot is chest high. All the mountain streams are crystal clear ; 

 even a freshet after a storm does not -make them the least muddy. 

 Some of the pot-holes are large and deep. In winter the frozen 

 waterfalls, thirty or forty feet high, have a charming play of rainbow 

 colours in the sunlight. On top of Giant's Castle one frozen pool 

 was too solid to break either with a heavy iron-pointed alpenstock or 

 the heaviest of rocks we could drop on to it. In sheltered spots on 

 the top snow lies most of the winter, and frequently falls during mid- 

 summer. 



In spring the flowers are very beautiful and occur in great pro- 

 fusion. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 



THE MONT AUX SOURCES. 



Plate VII. 



General view of the face of the Mont running from the south-east (left 

 hand) to the north-west tower (right hand). The Tugela Falls are seen 

 almost in the centre of the cliff-face. This face of the Mont aux Sources is 

 really concave, as may be observed on close examination of the plate. The 

 many projections and ridges show up best before sunset or sunrise, and are 

 lost in the full glare of daylight. 



Plate VIII. 



The Free State watershed of the Berg. This runs off as a spur from the 

 base of the north-west tower seen on the right of Plate VII. 



Plate IX. 



View of the south-east tower. The straight escarpment lines are due 

 to the amygdaloidal lavas. 



Had the three photographs been taken from one spot they would have 

 given a panoramic view of the Mont — Plate VII. being the centre, Plate 

 VIII. on the right hand (N.W.), and Plate IX. on the left (S.E.). 



(The Plates are from photographs by I. H. Murray, Maritzburg.) 



